Solid/electrolyte interphase

According to the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) model presented by Peled [8], the reaction products of the lithium and the... 

The alkali-metal/electrolyte interphase was named LI] the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). A good SEI must have the following properties ... 

QCMB RAM SBR SEI SEM SERS SFL SHE SLI SNIFTIRS quartz crystal microbalance rechargeable alkaline manganese dioxide-zinc styrene-butadiene rubber solid electrolyte interphase scanning electron microscopy surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy sulfolane-based electrolyte standard hydrogen electrode starter-light-ignition subtractively normalized interfacial Fourier transform infrared... 

An overview about more than 10 years of R D activities on solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film forming electrolyte additives and solvents at Graz University of Technology is presented. The different requirements on the electrolyte and on the SEI formation process in the presence of various anode materials (metallic lithium, graphitic carbons, and lithium storage metals/alloys are particularly highlighted. 

Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), electrolyte additive, lithium ion battery, Li metal, graphite, lithium alloy. 

Besides staging, the other important characteristic of the graphite negative electrode is the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) during the first cycles [7, 8], The SEI comes mainly from surface reactions... 

Usually, in a given electrolyte solution, there is a similarity in the mechanism of SEI formation on carbon and metallic lithium.285 353 354 The mechanisms of SEI formation on lithium in numerous electrolytes are investigated since about three decades. In about the last 15 years, the focus continuously shifted from metallic lithium to carbon. There are a huge number of publications covering manifold aspects of the carbon s reactivity with the electrolytes and/or the SEI formation. The reader of this chapter is referred to the books published in this field recently and especially to the primary literature listed therein. Examples include Nonaqueous Electrochemistry from 1999 edited by Aurbach,355 Advances in Lithium-Ion Batteries from 2002 edited by van Schalkwijk and Scrosati,356 and Lithium-Ion Batteries Solid-Electrolyte Interphase from 2004 edited by Balbuena and Wang.281... 

P. B. Balbuena and Y. Wang, Lithium-Ion Batteries Solid-Electrolyte Interphase, Imperial College... 

When the anode is first charged, it slowly approaches the lithium potential and begins to react with the electrolyte to form a film on the surface of the electrode. This film is composed of products resulting from the reduction reactions of the anode with the electrolyte. This film is called the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer [30], Proper formation of the SEI layer is essential to good performance [31-34], A low surface area is desirable for all anode materials to minimize the first charge related to the formation of SEI layer. Since the lithium in the cell comes from the lithium in the active cathode materials, any loss by formation of the SEI layer lowers the cell capacity. As a result, preferred anode materials are those with a low Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) surface area... 

Figure 18 Various models proposed for the surface films that cover Li electrodes in nonaqueous solutions. The relevant equivalent circuit analog and the expected (theoretical) impedance spectrum (presented as a Nyquist plot) are also shown [77]. (a) A simple, single layer, solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) (b) solid polymer interphase (SPI). Different types of insoluble Li salt products of solution reduction processes are embedded in a polymeric matrix (c) polymeric electrolyte interphase (PEI). The polymer matrix is porous and also contains solution. Note that the PEI and the SPI may be described by a similar equivalent analog. However, the time constants related to SPI film are expected to be poorly separated (compared with a film that behaves like a PEI) [77]. (With copyrights from The Electrochemical Society Inc., 1998.)...

There is a possibility of modifying graphite by partial, controlled oxidation, which forms a porous structure, and thus the capacity can be increased [371], In addition, partial oxidation may form desirable surface species (e.g., C—OH, COOH), which, upon reduction, may behave as a passivating, protective solid electrolyte interphase [372],... 

Peled E. The electrochemical behavior of alkali and alkaline earth metals in nonaqueous battery systems - the solid electrolyte interphase model. J Electrochem Soc. 1979 126 2047-51. 

Balbuena PB, Wang Y. Lithium-ion batteries solid-electrolyte interphase. 1st ed. London, UK Imperial College Press 2004. 

An example of an interphase is the well-known and explored electrical double layer. Another example is the passivating layer between electrode and electrolyte solutions. Such a layer on Li electrodes, which arises from the reductive decompositions of a small amount of the electrolyte solutions, was named SEI (solid electrolyte interphase). SEI is a crucial factor in the performance of Li-ion batteries since its nature and behavior affect Li-ion battery cycle-life, life time, power capability, and safety. Li electrodes (and Li-C electrodes as well) develop a classical interphase between them and all the relevant polar aprotic electrolyte solutions. All... 

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