Barium Acetate Chloride

In metallic form, barium is very reactive, reacting readily with water to release hydrogen. In aqueous solution it is present as an ion with a +2 charge. Barium acetate, chloride, hydroxide, and nitrate are water-soluble, whereas barium arsenate, chromate, duoride, oxalate, and sulfate are not. Most water-insoluble barium salts dissolve in dilute acids barium sulfate, however, requkes strong sulfuric acid. 

Compounds Soluble—barium nitrate, barium sulfide, barium chloride, barium hydroxide, barium acetate insoluble—barium sulfate... 

Barium acetate converts to barium carbonate when heated in air at elevated temperatures. Reaction with sulfuric acid gives harium sulfate with hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, the chloride and nitrate salts are obtained after evaporation of the solutions. It undergoes double decomposition reactions with salts of several metals. For example, it forms ferrous acetate when treated with ferrous sulfate solution and mercurous acetate when mixed with mercurous nitrate solution acidified with nitric acid. It reacts with oxahc acid forming barium oxalate. 

Chlorides. — The solution of 1 gm. of barium acetate in 20 e.c.. or water, acidulated with nitric acid, must exhibit no turbidity on the addition of silver nitrate solution. 

For (313), he began with the intact nucleoside 5-ethoxymethyl-2 -deoxyuridine (307) [160], After protection of the 3 - and 5 -hydroxy groups with p-chlorobenzoyl chloride, the resulting diester (308) was converted into a separable mixture of (309) (major) and (310) (minor). Alkylation of (35) with crude (309) gave (311) together with small amounts of unreacted (35) and a product tentatively identified as (310). Cleavage of the p-chlorobenzoates with methanolic sodium methoxide with concomitant transesterification yielded (312), which was saponified and then treated with barium acetate to afford the barium salt of (313). 

Template syntheses with the same ligand (3,5-di-t-butylcatechol) in the presence of ammonia with boron, aluminum, gallium, or strontium chloride, or with calcium or barium acetate produces, under oxidizing conditions, neutral complexes ML (M = BC1), ML2 (M = A1, Ga, Ca, Ba), and ML3H [181], The ligand L [fe(3,5-di-t-butyl-l-hydroxy-2-phenyl)amine] can be in different oxidation states the most important being the following 944 and 945 ... 

Barium is a silvery-white metal that occurs in nature in many different forms called compounds. These compounds are solids and they do not burn well. Two forms of barium, barium sulfate and barium carbonate, are often found in nature as underground ore deposits. Barium is sometimes found naturally in drinking water and food. Because certain forms of barium (barium sulfate and barium carbonate) do not mix well with water, the amount of barium usually found in drinking water is of a small quantity. Other barium compounds, such as barium chloride, barium nitrate, and barium hydroxide, are manufactured from barium sulfate. Barium compounds such as barium acetate, barium carbonate, barium chloride, barium hydroxide, barium nitrate, and barium sulfide dissolve more easily in water than barium sulfate and barium carbonate. 

The health effects of the different barium compounds depend on how well the specific barium compound dissolves in water. For example, barium sulfate does not dissolve well in water and has few adverse health effects. Doctors sometimes give barium sulfate orally or by placing it directly in the rectum of patients for purposes of making x-rays of the stomach or intestines. The use of this particular barium compound in this type of medical test is not harmful to people. Barium compounds such as barium acetate, barium carbonate, barium chloride, barium hydroxide, barium nitrate, and barium sulfide that dissolve in water can cause adverse health effects. Most of what we know comes from studies in which a small number of individuals were exposed to fairly large amounts of barium for short periods. Eating or drinking very large amounts of barium compounds that dissolve in water may cause paralysis or death in a few... 

Mortality has been observed in experimental animals following acute and chronic oral exposure to barium chloride and barium acetate (Borzelleca et al. 1988 Schroeder and Mitchener 1975b Tardiff et al. 1980). The acute oral LDso was determined in one study to be 269 and 277 mg/kg (expressed as elemental barium) for female and male rats, respectively (Borzelleca et al. 1988). The acute oral LDso in a second study was determined to be 132 and 220 mg/kg (expressed as elemental barium) for adult and weanling rats, respectively (Tardiff et al. 1980). These LDso values (132 to 277 mg/kg) indicate that barium is toxic by acute oral gavage exposure to small experimental animals. 

Ba (02 02)2 = barium acetate BaCl2 = barium chloride Cardio = cardiovascular d = day Gastro = gastrointestinal GW = gavage-water Hemato =... 

In other studies with rats, intermediate and chronic oral exposure to barium chloride and barium acetate in drinking water have not been associated with any changes in heart weight or with any gross or microscopic lesions of the heart (Schroeder and Mitchener 1975a Tardiff et al. 1980). 

If the chromium is in solution as a chromate or dichromate, as is the case after fusion as described above, it may either be reduced to the trivalent condition and precipitated as hydroxide, or directly precipitated as an insoluble chromate. In the absence of sulphates, barium chromate is precipitated by the addition of barium acetate at the boiling-point to a solution made faintly acid -with acetic acid and containing a little alcohol. After ignition the precipitate is w eighed as barium chromate. If chlorides and sulphates are present only in small amount, the chromate may be thrown down by mercurous nitrate, the mercurous chromate then being converted by ignition to the sesqui-... 

The determination of CEC is commonly made by leaching a soil with a neutral barium acetate solution. It may also be made by extracting a soil with normal ammonium acetate solution, followed by normal potassium chloride. The ammonium removed by the potassium chloride is a measure of the CEC of the.-soil, which includes the cations held by both the organic and inorganic portions. Separate determinations of these portions can be made but less accurately because the separation of one from the other cannot be made without affecting the chemical nature of the organic colloid. 

Aluminum acetate Aluminum caprylate Aluminum distearate Aluminum myristates/palmitates Aluminum stearate Aluminum tristearate N-2-Aminoethyl-3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane Aminoethylethanolamine Aminomethyl propanol Aminopropyltriethoxysilane Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane Ammonium benzoate Ammonium borate Ammonium citrate dibasic Ammonium laureth sulfate Ammonium laureth-5 sulfate Ammonium laureth-7 sulfate Ammonium laureth-12 sulfate Ammonium laureth-30 sulfate Ammonium lauryl sulfate Ammonium maleic anhydride/diisobutylene copolymer Ammonium oleate Ammonium persulfate Ammonium polyacrylate Ammonium potassium hydrogen phosphate Ammonium stearate Ammonium sulfamate Ammonium thiocyanate Ammonium thiosulfate Amyl acetate Antimony trioxide Asbestos Asphalt Azelaic acid 2,2 -Azobisisobutyronitrile Barium acetate Barium peroxide Barium sulfatej Bentonite Benzalkonium chloride Benzene Benzethonium chloride Benzothiazyl disulfide Benzoyl peroxide Benzyl alcohol Benzyl benzoate 1,3-Bis (2-benzothiazolylmercaptomethyl) urea 1,2-Bis (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamoyl) hydrazine 4,4 -Bis (a,a-dimethylbenzyl) diphenylamine Bisphenol A Bis (trichloromethyl) sulfone Boric acid 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol 1,4-Butanediol Butoxydiglycol Butoxyethanol Butoxyethanol acetate n-Butyl acetate Butyl acetyl ricinoleate Butyl alcohol Butyl benzoate Butyl benzyl phthalate Butyidecyl phthalate Butylene glycol t-Butyl hydroperoxide... 

Ammonium bifluoride Barium acetate Benzyltriethyl ammonium bromide Cobalt perchlorate (ous) Indole Lead nitrate Nickel chloride (ous) Phenylhydrazine Tributyl phosphate Zinc cyanide... 

Glycosaminoglycanes (hyaluronic acid, heparin, chondroitin sulfate, etc.) Cellulose acetate membranes 0.2 mol 1" Barium acetate, pH 5.0 or pH 8.0, 0.05moll" lithium chloride, 0.01 mol 1" HCI (pH 2.0). Two dimensional 1st direction 0.1 moir pyridine, 0.47 mol r formic acid, pH 9.0 2nd direction 0.1 moir barium acetate, pH 8.0 Aldan blue... 

A more subtle problem is to maximize the yield of a reaction that could be carried out in any of a number of media. Should a reaction be done in a solvent in which the desired product is most or least soluble, for instance The answer is not immediately clear. In fact one must say, It depends. If the reaction is between ions of two soluble salts, the product will precipitate out of solution if it is insoluble. For example, a reaction mixture containing barium, silver, chloride, and nitrate ions will precipitate insoluble silver chloride if the solvent is water, but in liquid ammonia the precipitate is barium chloride. Another example, from organic chemistry, described by Collard et al. (2001) as an experiment suitable for an undergraduate laboratory, is the dehydra-tive condensation of benzaldehyde with pentaerythritol in aqueous acid to yield the cyclic acetal, 5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-phenyl-l,3-dioxane, 1 ... 

Preparation of barium styphnate monohydrate for practical applications is similar to preparation of LS. Magnesium styphnate is used as a starting material which reacts with barium nitrate, chloride, or acetate resulting in precipitation of barium styphnate. A reaction temperature of 60-85 °C is recommended. Product precipitates in form of the trihydrate, which dehydrates to the monohydrate by the slow addition of sufficiently dilute lutric acid [75]. It is difficult to re-crystallize in a suitable form and it is therefore recommended to use a crystal-modifying agent (e.g., carboxymethyl cellulose) [2, 26, 27]. 

Nantokite, see Copper(I) chloride Natron, see Sodium carbonate Naumannite, see Silver selenide Neutral verdigris, see Copper(H) acetate Nitre (niter), see Potassium nitrate Nitric oxide, see Nitrogen(II) oxide Nitrobarite, see Barium nitrate Nitromagnesite, see Magnesium nitrate 6-water Nitroprusside, see Sodium pentacyanonitrosylfer-rate(II) 2-water... 

Sodium thiosulfate is determined by titration with standard iodine solution (37). Sulfate and sulfite are determined together by comparison of the turbidity produced when barium chloride is added after the iodine oxidation with the turbidity produced by a known quantity of sulfate iu the same volume of solution. The absence of sulfide is iadicated when the addition of alkaline lead acetate produces no color within one minute. 

Precipitated or synthetic barium carbonate is the most commercially important of all the barium chemicals except for barite. Barium carbonate is an unusually dense material, that is almost kisoluble ki water and only slightly soluble ki carbonated water. It does dissolve ki dilute hydrochloric, nitric, and acetic acids and is also soluble ki ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride solutions. 

---