Laureth sulfate

When ammonium lauryl sulfate is reacted with ethylene oxide, the result is the larger molecule ammonium laureth sulfate. This molecule has the same detergent and surfactant qualities, but it is larger consequently it does not penetrate the skin and hair as easily. The term laureth is actually a contraction of lauryl ether. The full name is ammonium lauryl ether sulfate. 

The most common ingredient in shampoos is also the most common detergent in use in other products a class of surfactants known as straight-chain alkyl benzene sulfonates. Examples are ammonium lauryl sulfate, its sodium relative, and the slightly larger but related molecule ammonium lauryl ether sulfate (sometimes abbreviated as ammonium laureth sulfate). 

FIG. 7 Skin irritation according to the human patch test of alkyl ether carboxylic acids compared to other mild cosurfactants. CFTA-names 1, cocamidopropylbetaine 2, sodium PEG-6 cocamide carboxylate 3, sodium laureth-11 carboxylate 4, cocoamphocarboxypropionate 5, protein hydrolyzate 6, disodium laureth-3 sulfo-succinate SLES, sodium laureth sulfate. (From Ref. 68.)... 

Disodium PEG-5 lauryl citrate sulfosuccinate (and) sodium laureth sulfate DCLS Disodium cocoyl gluceth-10 sulfosuccinate DCBG... 

Ammonium ion removal, molecular sieves in, 16 846-847 Ammonium lactate, 14 117 Ammonium laureth sulfate, cosmetic surfactant, 7 834t... 

The authors acknowledge the technical assistance from Richard Keeler, Drew Lassen, Jeffery O Neil, Maricella Castaneda, Kaitlin Ergun, Tiffany Coleman, and Arthhur Wojicicki. The authors also thank Chemron corp. for gift samples of sodium laureth sulfate. 

Are you poisoning your family Is your bathroom killing you Yes proclaim numerous Web sites, where there s much discussion about the culprits, sodium laureth sulfate (sles) and sodium lauryl sulfate (sls). What are these molecules, and why... 

What has inspired the outlandish accusations Scientific ignorance is at least partially responsible. There is much discussion on the Web sites in question about the degree to which SLS and sees are contaminated with carcinogenic nitrosamines. While it is true that trace amounts of nitrosamines have been found in some shampoos, they have nothing to do with sodium lauryl or laureth sulfate. Ethanolamine lauryl sulfates, substances found in a few products, accounted for the insignificant levels of contamination. The similarity in names, I guess, led the chemically illiterate to slur the much more common detergents. 

Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid 21.5 Caustic Soda (50%) 5.4 Sodium Laureth Sulfate (60%) 4.0 Mackam 35 (Cocamidopropy) 8etaine) 5.5 Sodium Xylene Sulfonate (40%) 8.0 Water, Dye, Fragrance qs to 100.0... 

FIGURE 12.7 The two most potent SCOPE formulations, (a) A mixture of sodium laureth sulfate with phenyl piperazine and (b) a combination of sodium monolaurate with IV-lauroyl sarcosine. (From Karande, P., Jain, A. and Mitragotri, S. Nat Biotechnol 22 192, 2004.)... 

Anionic surfactants have a negative head and the major ones are sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, which is used industrially as a cleaner, and sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium laureth sulfate which are used in household detergents and toiletries - see Chapter 3. Soap is also an anionic surfactant. Anionic surfactants produce copious suds and are excellent at removing fats and grease. 

A surfactant, emulsifier and wetting agent, sodium laureth sulfate is not the same as sodium lauryl (or dodecyl) sulfate, with which it is sometimes confused. It degreases the skin, emulsifies fats and holds skin impurities in suspension. 

The lauryl and laureth sulfates are used either alone or in combination. The most commonly used variants are ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS) and sodium or ammonium laureth sulfates (SLES or ALES) with an average of 2 or 3 moles of ethylene oxide [2,3] ... 

Ammonium lauryl sulfate Sodium laureth sulfate... 

The lauryl sulfates are produced by sulfation of a mixture of synthetically prepared C12-C14 fatty alcohols or a mixture of coconut fatty alcohols (approximately 50% C12). Depending on the manufacturer, the commercial lauryl and laureth sulfates contain different mixes of mostly C12 and C14 surfactants. These are chosen to improve the foam and surface activity of the species. 

Viscosity building with AOS is more difficult than with alkyl sulfates, although it can be done with the same types of materials, such as monoalkanolamides and salt [11-13], In addition, the detergent has been reported to leave a harsher feel than lauryl and laureth sulfates [13],... 

Betaines act as foam modifiers, changing the loose and lacy foams normally generated by lauryl and laureth sulfates to thick and creamy lathers. They also help to thicken shampoo formulations and lower eye and skin irritation [21,22],... 

An important reason besides cleaning for using combinations of primary and secondary surfactants is to improve the quality and volume of foam. As discussed in Section II.A.2, some secondary surfactants such as betaines, amine oxides, and fatty alkanolamides also act as foam modifiers. They change the foams from a loose lacy structure generated by lauryl and laureth sulfates to rich and creamy foams. 

Solubilization by anionic surfactants is another possible mechanism for cleaning quats. However, Reich and co-workers [157,158] found that solubilization of CTAC and SAC by lauryl and laureth sulfates (1 to 5 EO) was ineffective owing to formation of surfactant-quat complexes that were insoluble in ALS or SLES and, thus, difficult to remove from hair. In this case, reducing the carbon chain length of the quat to 12 or the chain length on the anionic surfactant to 10 resulted in more soluble complexes and more effective removal of the cationic soil. 

Anionic Ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS) Ammonium laureth sulfate Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) Sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) Alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS) Sodium cocoyl isethionate Sodium isethionate Sodium afkylbenzene sulfonate Sodium lauryl sacorsinate Sodium lauryl lactate Sodium lauroamphoacetate... 

Sodium laureth sulfate, cocamidopropyl betaine Cleaning, foaming... 

Sodium laureth sulfate Glycine soja (soybean oil)... 

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