Balanced measures

In developing a modern performance measurement system it is necessary to take all of these factors into account, and to create a balanced performance measurement system. That is the objective of the balanced scorecard.  

In practice, Kaplan and Norton propose that the balanced scorecard should balance the financial perspective (goals for future performance and measures of past performance) with similar goals and measures for the underlying drivers of longterm profitability. These drivers are identified as the business process perspective, the innovation and learning perspective and the customer perspective. 

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The automated pendant drop technique has been used as a film balance to study the surface tension of insoluble monolayers [75] (see Chapter IV). A motor-driven syringe allows changes in drop volume to study surface tension as a function of surface areas as in conventional film balance measurements. This approach is useful for materials available in limited quantities and it can be extended to study monolayers at liquid-liquid interfaces [76],... 

The flow can be radial, that is, in or out through a hole in the center of one of the plates [75] the relationship between E and f (Eq. V-46) is independent of geometry. As an example, a streaming potential of 8 mV was measured for 2-cm-radius mica disks (one with a 3-mm exit hole) under an applied pressure of 20 cm H2 on QT M KCl at 21°C [75]. The i potentials of mica measured from the streaming potential correspond well to those obtained from force balance measurements (see Section V-6 and Chapter VI) for some univalent electrolytes however, important discrepancies arise for some monovalent and all multivalent ions. The streaming potential results generally support a single-site dissociation model for mica with Oo, Uff, and at defined by the surface site equilibrium [76]. 

No-load running current and power Check current balance Measure winding resistance High potential test Vihration test per NEMA MG 1-20.53 If a commercial test witness is desired, a commercial test described above must be made in all cases. A re-test is necessary when a witness test is specified. The Com-... 

All planned heat balance measurements have been established and heat loss from both reactor and from vapour stack determined, the former more and the latter rather less satisfactorily. 

Mass spectrometry allows us to measure masses of individual atoms. Still, there is an enormous difference between the mass of one atom and the masses of samples measured in the laboratory. For example, a good laboratory balance measures mass values from about 10 to 10 g. An atom, on the other hand, has a mass between 10 and... 

Using a balance, measure 100 g of ice. Add the ice to the beaker and insert the stirring rod. Stir the ice and water mixture for 1 minute, then use the thermometer to measure the temperature of the mixture. CAUTION Do not use the thermometer to stir the mixture. 

Using the balance, measure 5.0 g of the selected salt and add it to the water in the beaker. Stir the mixture until the solid is dissolved. 

Using a laboratory balance, measure the mass of a piece of weighing paper. Record this value in Data Table 1. Place 2.0 g of phthalic anhydride... 

Using a laboratory balance, measure the mass of a second piece of weighing paper and record the mass in Data Table 1. Place 0.1 g of sodium acetate on the weighing paper and record the combined mass. Calculate the mass of sodium acetate and record this value in Data Table 1. Place the sodium acetate in the test tube containing the phthalic anhydride. 

Dwyer, S., Water Balance Measurements and Computer Simulations of Landfill Covers, University of New Mexico, Civil Engineering Department, Albuquerque, NM, May 2003. 

Vaclavek, V. (1969). Studies on system engineering. III. Optimal choice of the balance measurements in complicated chemical engineering systems. Chem. Eng. Sci. 24,947-955. 

The experiments described in this chapter show how three fairly simple approaches—respiratory studies, balance measurements, and observations on growth—were applied to animals including man, so that by 1930-1940 energy requirements and the major and essential minor dietary constituents were known. In a few instances of dietary... 

However, after implementing the water balance measurements, they were not able to observe a significant difference on the net water drag coefficient for a fuel cell with a cathode MPL and an anode without an MPL compared to a cell without any MPLs. It is important to note that they were able to observe that the MPL does in fact improve the fuel cell performance and stability when operating at constant conditions (i.e., the voltage fluctuations are significantly reduced when the cathode DL has an MPL). These results do not correlate with the observations presented earlier thus, more experimental work is necessary to investigate the process behind how the MPL helps the performance of the fuel cell. 

As briefly mentioned in Section 4.3.S.2, Atiyeh et al. [152] performed water balance measurements and calculations to determine the effect of using DLs with MPLs (on either or both cathode and anode sides). In their fuel cell test station, water collection systems were added in order to be able to collect and measure accurately the water leaving both anode and cathode sides of the fuel cell. Based on the operating conditions (e.g., pressures, temperatures, relative humidities, etc.) and the total amount of water accumulated at the outlets of the test station, water balance calculations were performed fo defermine the net water drag coefficient. Janssen and Overvelde [171] used this method to observe how different operating conditions and fuel cell maferials affected... 

One may also look at the effect of the electrodes from the point of view of energy balance. Measurement of voltages always requires at least a small electrical current. This corresponds in the case of galvanic cells to the transfer of electroactive species from one electrode to the other. The corresponding chemical work is the change of the Gibbs energy, AG, which... 

Soil surface balance measures the differences between the input or application of nutrients entering the soil (e.g. mineral fertilisers or organic manure) and the output or withdrawal of nutrients from harvested and fodder crops. Farm gate balances measure the nutrient input on the basis of the nutrient contents of purchased material (e.g. concentrates, fertilisers, fodder, livestock, biological N-fixation) and farm sales such as meat, milk, fodder, cereals (OECD 1997). 

Frauenfelder R, Zemp M, Haeberli H, Hoelzle M (2005) Worldwide glacier mass balance measurements trends and first results of an extraordinary year in central Europe. Ice and Climate News 6... 

Ca balance measured in subjects during two 21-day Ca-balance studies separated by a 4-week washout period ... 

When measuring CO the only reaction product found was CO2 and mass balance measurements indicate the reaction does proceed according to equation (2). 

We saw in Section 6.2 that the Wilhelmy plate offers an accurate method for measuring 7 cos 6. We thus have one experiment with two unknowns. The Wilhelmy balance measures the weight of the meniscus in this section we examine the height to which the meniscus climbs on the same surface. We shall see that this distance — which may be accurately measured with a traveling microscope or cathetometer — also depends on 7 and 6. The functional relationship between these parameters and the experimental variables is different from the case of the meniscus weight. Therefore we have two experiments with two unknowns that can be solved for 7 and 6. 

Pockels described in the letter her design of a rectangular tin trough with a thin tin strip laid across it. The trough was filled to the brim with water, with a thin layer of oil covering the surface of the water on one side of the tin strip and clean water on the other side. The tin strip served to vary the area of the oil-contaminated surface, and a balance measured the force necessary to lift a small disk (a button) from the surface. Pockels used this setup to study the surface tension of the oil-contaminated layer. 

Kilian 103) has used the van der Waals approach for treating the thermoelastic results on bimodal networks. He came to a conclusion that thermoelasticity of bimodal networks could satisfactorily be described adopting the thermomechanical autonomy of the rubbery matrix and the rigid short segments. The decrease of fu/f was supposed to be related to the dependence of the total thermal expansion coefficient on extension of the rigid short segment component. He has also emphasized that calorimetric energy balance measurements are necessary for a direct proof of the proposed hypothesis. 

Figure 2-3 (a) Electronic analytical balance measures mass down to 0.1 mg. [Courtesy Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA]... 

Mass balance measurements for 41 elements have been made around the Thomas A. Allen Steam Plant in Memphis, Tenn. For one of the three independent cyclone boilers at the plant, the concentration and flow rates of each element were determined for coal, slag tank effluent, fly ash in the precipitator inlet and outlet (collected isokinetically), and fly ash in the stack gases (collected isokinetically). Measurements by neutron activation analysis, spark source mass spectroscopy (with isotope dilution for some elements), and atomic adsorption spectroscopy yielded an approximate balance (closure to within 30% or less) for many elements. Exceptions were those elements such as mercury, which form volatile compounds. For most elements in the fly ash, the newly installed electrostatic precipitator was extremely efficient. 

Step 4. Transfer the sample by pipette or syringe to a volumetric flask of the volume selected for sample analysis (usually 25-100 mL). Record the amount so transferred (by volume or mass), and compare to volume recorded in shipping papers. Quantitatively rinse the container several times with the same acid solution as that in which the sample was delivered. Transfer the rinse to the volumetric flask that contains the sample. Save the vial in which the sample was shipped (see Step 9). Dilute the sample in the volumetric flask to the mark with the same acid solution. (Note If the sample is to be measured by mass, make the appropriate balance measurements on the volumetric flask when empty, before adding wash and diluting liquid, and when full.) Close the flask, label it, and thoroughly mix the sample by shaking. 

The 1954 Lifshitz result immediately enjoyed two kinds of success. When the materials were given the properties of gases, all the earlier Keesom-Debye-London-Casimir results readily emerged. Better, the new formulation was able to explain Derjaguin and Abrikosova s19 first successful force-balance measurements of van der Waals forces between a quartz plate and a quartz lens. The numbers checked out. 

Using the crucible tongs, carry the crucible and lid to the balance. Measure and record the mass of the crucible and lid. 

Place a 24-well microplate on a balance. Measure and record its mass. 

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