Gastrointestinal infections bacterial

As with all drugs, the specific side effects of the quinolones must be considered when they are chosen for treatment of bacterial infections [5]. Reactions of the gastrointestinal tract and the central neivous system are the most often observed adverse effects during therapy with quinolones. It should be underlined, however, that compared with many other antimicrobials, diarrhea is less frequently observed during quinolone treatment. Antibiotic-associated colitis has been observed rarely during quinolone therapy. Similarly, hypersensitivity reactions, as observed during therapy with penicillins and other (3-lactams, is less frequently caused by quinolones. Some other risks of quinolone therapy have been defined and must be considered if a drug from this class is chosen for treatment of bacterial infections. 

The clinical manifestations of PIDs vary with the aspect of the immune system affected. In general, because of the role of antibodies in protection against bacterial infections, individuals with deficiencies in humoral immunity are particularly prone to infections from Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. These individuals are also prone to infections of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary tracts because of the protective role of IgA in secretions. 

Amoxicillin is a close analogue to ampicillin that is also inactivated by -lactamases. The action and uses of amoxicillin are like those of ampicillin. Hence it is used against a wide variety of bacterial infections in farm animals including those of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, urinary, and mammary system. It is administered in the form of tablets, suspensions, powders, parenteral, and intramammary formulations at dosage rates of 10 mg/kg bw by the oral route and 7-15 mg/kg bw by the parenteral route. 

Some common combinations of penicillins and specific beta-lactamase inhibitors are listed in Table 33-2. Administration of these drug combinations may produce side effects that are caused primarily by the penicillin component that is, penicillin-related side effects such as headache, gastrointestinal problems, and allergic reactions. Nonetheless, combining a beta-lactamase inhibitor with a penicillin can be an effective way of treating bacterial infections that might otherwise be resistant to traditional antibacterial therapy. 

In severe liver diseases, particularly in cirrhosis, but also in acute viral hepatitis, bacterial infections are frequent. (75) In approx. 25% of cases, these infections are the cause of death. If there are additional complications (e.g. gastrointestinal bleeding, protein deficiency, inva-... 

Blaise, M., Pateron, D., Trinchet, X-C., Levacher, S., Beaugrand, M., Pourriat, X-L. Systemic antibiotic therapy prevents bacterial infection in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Hepatology 1994 20 34-38... 

Interest in the adhesion of dosage forms to epithelial surfaces has heen aroused hy the possihility of deliberate contact between oral dosage forms and the gut wall to retard the rate of transit down the gastrointestinal tract, but also by the possibility of dosage forms accidentally adhering to the oesophagus or other epithelial surfaces. Adhesive preparations have been formulated for diverse tasks such as the topical treatment of stomatitis and the administration of insulin. The adhesive nature of transdermal patches is important, as is the adhesion of film coats to tablet surfaces. Adhesion of erythrocytes and bacterial cells to polymer surfaces is also of importance in the understanding, respectively, of blood compatibility of polymers and bacterial infection mediated by catheters. 

The detection of triterpenoid compounds in extracts from Bidens pilosa may rationalize the use of this plant in traditional Egyptian medicine in the treatment of wounds and against bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal tract [211,212]. The chloroform extract gave 3-amyrin. Fig. (29), phytosterin B and P-sitosterol glucoside, while the petroleum ether extract afforded P-am5Tin, Fig. (29), phytosterin B, lupeol. Fig. (30), lupeol acetate, linolic acid and linolenic acid. The antimicrobial test was carried out to indicate an evident activity. 

Goulis J, Armonis A, Patch D, et al. Bacterial infection is independently associated with failure to control bleeding and early rebleeding in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Hepatology 1998 27 1207-1212. 

Mycophenolate mofetil 500 mg 4 times a day, up to maximum of 4 g/day Gastrointestinal toxicity (diarrhea, nausea, vomiting), hematologic effects (anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia), viral and bacterial infections lymphoproliferative disease or lymphoma can occur... 

The most common cause of yeast infections is Candida albicans, which is part of the normal flora in a significant portion of the population where it resides in the oropharynx, gastrointestinal tract, vagina, and surrounding skin (4). It is the principal cause of vaginal yeast infections and oral yeast infections (thrush). These commonly occur in mucosal tissue when the normal population of flora has been disturbed by treatment of a bacterial infection with an antibiotic or when growth conditions are... 

Goldenseal seems best when used for six purposes for active infections, inflammations, or ulcerations in the gastrointestinal tract, from gums to rectum for active infections in the sinuses when used as snuff or sinus wash for active infections in the vagina when used as a douche for active skin infections when used as a powder or wash for active eye infections when used as a wash and as a stimulant/tonic (when used in moderation and for limited duration) in general for mucous membranes throughout the body to help tone them and help them serve their function as one of the first lines of defense against bacterial infection. 

Observational studies In a retrospective case note review of 36 patients who had received pristinamycin for resistant Grampositive bacterial infections, 11 reported adverse reactions [111 ]. Seven required drug withdrawal after a median of 31 days because of intolerable adverse reactions, three because of gastrointestinal reactions, one because of a rash, and one because of neutropenia. 

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