Hemorrhage gastrointestinal

Mastocytomas and diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis are further manifestations of cutaneous mastocytosis (CM) [9]. Solitary mastocytomas are common in children. Most are present at birth or develop in infancy. These lesions are flat or mildly elevated, well demarcated, solitary yellowish red-brown plaques or nodules, typically 2-5 cm in diameter. Diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis is a rare disorder characterized by diffuse mast cell infiltration of large areas of the skin that presents in infants in the first year of life. Severe edema and leathery indurations of the skin leads to accentuation of skin folds (pseudo-lichenified skin) and a peau-dbrange-like appearance. Systemic complications include hypotension and gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Infants and young children with considerable mast cell infiltration of the skin sometimes exhibit blister formation in the first 3 years of life. MPCM and other forms of CM have been classified in a consensus nomenclature (table 1) [10]. 

Severe hemodynamic instability Enterocutaneous fistulae Severe diarrhea Severe malabsorption Severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage Intractable vomiting... 

Ghanayem Bl, Ahmed AE. 1983. Acrylonitrile-induced gastrointestinal hemorrhage and the effects of metabolism modulation in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 68 290-296. 

Guess HA, West R, Strand LM, et al. Fatal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage or perforation among users and nonusers of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in Saskatchewan, Canada... 

The LDso for rats when administered orally as a 10% aqueous suspension was 542 mg/kg at necropsy, gastrointestinal hemorrhages were found. 

Peptic ulcer disease NSAIDs, anticoagulants Gastrointestinal hemorrhage... 

Macrolide antibiotics such as erythromycin directly stimulate motilin receptors on gastrointestinal smooth muscle and promote the onset of a migrating motor complex. Intravenous erythromycin (3 mg/kg) is beneficial in some patients with gastroparesis however, tolerance rapidly develops. It may be used in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage to promote gastric emptying of blood before endoscopy. 

Aspirin, 325-650 mg every 4-6 hours Bayer Aspirin, Ecotrin, Bufferin, various generic children who cannot chew or swallow tablets. Do not exceed a total daily acetaminophen dose of 4 g (2 g/d in regular alcohol users). Aspirin should be used cautiously in certain individuals (see text). Use of OTC products containing aspirin, other salicylates, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen may increase the risk of hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal hemorrhage in individuals who consume 3 or more alcoholic drinks daily. Long-term continuous use of NSAIDs may increase the risk of heart attack or stroke. 

Camellia japonica L. Sha Cha Hua (Camelia) (flower bud) Camelliagenins, d-catechol, 1-epicatechol, leucoanthocyanin, arabinose, camellin, rhamnose, theasaponin.4950 For hemoptysis, epistaxis, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, metrorrhagia. 

Special Precaution Gastrointestinal hemorrhage may occur Patients with renal impairment have shown higher MPA and MPAG AUCs than normal volunteers Should not be used in conjunction with azathioprine Repeated laboratory monitoring is required Pregnancy Category C... 

Conditions in which stimulation of gastrointestinal motility might be dangerous (e.g., presence of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, mechanical obstruction, or perforation)... 

The physiological purpose of nausea is to discourage food intake, and vomiting is meant to expel food or other toxic substances present in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. Protracted vomiting may not only cause electrolyte imbalance, dehydration, or a malnutrition syndrome, but may also lead to mucosal laceration and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (Mallory-Weiss syndrome). 

Rat (Han/Wistar) Gd 8 1 x/d (GO) 1 10 (hydronephrosis, thymic atrophy, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, decreased number of live fetuses) Huuskonen et al. 1994... 

Repeated dosing of rats at 3.4 g/kg/day or higher caused gastrointestinal hemorrhaging in rats that died in a chronic oral-dosing study (Van Miller et al. 1977). Metaplasia of the gastric mucosa was found in rhesus monkeys exposed to 0.1 g/kg/day of 2,3,7,8-TCDD for 3 weeks (McNulty 1984), and gastric... 

Death occurred in six cases of accidental or intentional ingestion of barium salts. Two deaths were due to cardiac arrest, one was due to severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and in three cases the specific cause was not determined (Das and Singh 1970 Diengott et al. 1964 McNally 1925 Ogen et al. 1967 Talwar and Sharma 1979). Doses in these cases were not known. 

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