Bacterial contamination, detection

Denyer S.P. Ward K.H. (1983) A rapid method for the detection of bacterial contaminants in intravenous fluids using membrane filtration and eprfluorescent microscopy. JParenfa/ Sci Technol, 37, 156-158. 

The chemical industry contacts supply chains, such as those for construction materials, automotive materials, and food, at multiple points. We can clean, disinfect, and genetically engineer seed. We can provide advanced coatings and packaging materials, as well as systems to detect bacterial contamination and spoilage. Can we make supply chains safer ... 

Sterility testing is designed to detect bacterial contamination. Although viruses and other small microorganisms will pass through filters they are not usually tested for unless the product has a special requirement that demands this additional testing. 

Detection of bacterial contamination Quality control in food, beverage, drug, and cosmetic industries... 

Three types of endozapines have been isolated. It is known that the beta-carbolines can be synthesized in the mammalian brain and that, in vitro, they act as inverse agonists at benzodiazepine receptor sites. Theoretically such compounds could induce anxiety. However, none of these compounds has been isolated in vivo and the original detection of a beta-carboline in the urine of anxious patients was later found to be an artifact, possibly caused by bacterial contamination. 

Hoppe PA. Interim measures for detection of bacterially contaminated red cell components. Transfusion 1992 32(3) 199-201. 

To control sterility or cleanness in hospital environment microbiology methods, laborious and time consuming (24-120 h), are used at present. To accelerate and simplify the sterility or cleanness control on different surfaces we applied bioluminescent assay of total bacterial contamination (TBC). Since the most surfaces analyzed in hospital contained low number of bacteria, below the detection limit of ATP-reagent used, incubation of the samples in nutritive medium followed by filtration through special luminometric microcuvettes Filtravette was applied. 

A practical observation is that the drug levels detected in the edible tissues and in the milk in food-producing animals produce no biological effects to the animal itself This even includes animals that are treated for long periods of their life, such as dairy cows. However, some alarmists would have one believe that if people ate meat from these same animals, some adverse effect might occur to them. I can assure you that I do not lose sleep over this risk. I would limit my consumption of meat and milk because of its fat and cholesterol content, not because of any drug or chemical residues. Bacterial contamination of certain meat products is a much more substantial and real threat to our safe-... 

States than are predicted by the most extreme estimates to die from cancer secondary to pesticide residue contamination. These are serious problems that have always plagued mankind because it is extremely difficult to detect bacterial contamination during meat processing. However, biotechnology has developed some rapid screening tests to improve the detection of contaminated food before it reaches the consumer. This is another spin-off that has minimal risk and almost immediate benefits. 

In another study Escherichia coli cells treated by Ag nanoparticles were found damaged, showing formation of pits in the cell wall of the bacteria (59). Jain and Pradeep have studied the efficacy of silver nanoparticles as a drinking water filter where there is bacterial contamination of the surface water (60). Silver nanoparticles were utilized to make stable, silver-coated filters from common polyurethane (PU) foams. The performance of the material as an antibacterial water filter was checked and no bacterium was detected in the output water when the input water had a bacterial load of 1 X 10 colony-forming units (CPU) per miUditer. The antibacterial action was also checked inline for a flow rate of 0.5 L/min and no bacterium detected, which suggests that domestic use of this technology is possible. 

On the other hand, contaminants are substances that have not been intentionally added to food. These substances may be present in food as a result of the various stages of their production, packaging, transport, or holding, or might result from environmental contamination. In this area, Palenzuela et al. proposed an excellent CE method for the detection of bacterial contamination. The method was based on the interaction of ions with biocolloids that allows for their reliable separation of eight different types of bacteria by CE in only 25 min—a dramatic reduction in the analysis time resulted (7 h of enrichment vs. the 24-48 h typically required by culturing methods) compared with classical microbiological analyses. 

The most important issue in food quality analysis is food safety. Therefore, the development of rapid methods for the identification and quantification of bacterial contamination in foods is of utmost importance. Thus, a CE method with UV detection was proposed for the identification and quantification of bacterial contamination in food samples. The proposed method allowed for the effective separation of eight different types of bacteria in only 25 min. Electrophoretic resolution was improved by using cations in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) that interacted with the bacterial surfaces changing its electrical properties and electrophoretic mobility. The validity of the method was established by comparison with the standard plate counting method, where bacterial cells were separated as... 

A unique biomolecule, DNA, acts as a store house of genetic information in living species. Nowadays, the detection of appropriate DNA sequences is important for diagnosis of genetic or infectious diseases, environmental testing for bacterial contamination and rapid detection of biological warfare agents. As a nanomaterial, DNA is involved in a number of... 

The lo-tech humble cotton sheet can now be thought of as a dynamic siuface that could potentially monitor, store and transmit information relating to your immediate state of health, deliver your drugs to you, proteet you against bacterial contamination, and, as this pq)er proposes, it could also monitor and detect levels of contamination. Its very close proximity to the way we live offers an unprecedented opportunity to not only reduce delay times in du ostics, monitoring and drug delivery, but also to deliver a unique and personalised response in these aspects as the textile is next to the skin and can respond to individual needs. The opportunity for textiles to enhance patient safety, improve healthcare delivery and to improve treatment outcomes is very real. 

Given the adaptability of this and other equally hazardous bacteria suggests that the reliance on cunent hygiene practice and antimicrobial finishes presently being used to combat the problem of antibiotic resistant strains alone would be optimistic. The use of an on-site contamination detection system embedded into the surface of the textiles used in a hospital alongside antimicrobial fabric treatments (bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal methods) would alert the user to changes in the level of bacterial contamination they are in contact with as it happens. 

Although salivary proteins can be resolved by denaturing or nondenatiuing electrophoresis, proline-rich proteins are difficult to detect and currently the only satisfactory method for their analysis is SDS-PAGE. Early attempts to analyze salivary proteins by two-dimensional electrophoresis were unsuccessful, partially because the samples were bacterially contaminated and partially because the pi of the basic proline-rich proteins is too high (pl> 8) to remain on... 

Cox et al. (1989) ruled out the possibility of bacterial contamination causing a false-positive result. They performed microbiological investigations to detect bacterial and fungal infections of the original marker solution and were able to produce an allergenic response to a mixture they had freshly made. 

---