Escherichia coli cells

Shimomura, O., and Inouye, S. (1999). The in situ regeneration and extraction of recombinant aequorin from Escherichia coli cells and the purification of extracted aequorin. Protein Expression and Purification 16 91-95. 

Recently, recombinant biocatalysts obtained using Escherichia coli cells were designed for this process. The overexpression of all enzymes required for the process, namely, hydantoinase, carbamoylase, and hydantoin racemase from Arthrobacter sp. DSM 9771 was achieved. These cells were used for production of a-amino acids at the concentration of above 50 g 1 dry cell weight [37]. This is an excellent example presenting the power of biocatalysis with respect to classical catalysis, since a simultaneous use of three different biocatalysts originated from one microorganism can be easily achieved. 

A gene (erstEl) encoding a thermostable esterase was isolated from Escherichia coli cells that had been transformed by DNA libraries with metagenomes from environmental samples isolated from thermal habitats. The enzyme belonged to the hormone-sensitive lipase family, could be overexpressed in E. coli, was active between 30 and 95°C, and used 4-nitrophenyl esters with chain lengths of C4-C16 (Rhee et al. 2005). 

Sheridan, G. E. C. Masters, C. I. Shallcross, J. A. Mackey, B. M. Detection of mRNA by reverse transcription-PCR as an indicator of viability in Escherichia coli cells. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1998, 64,1313-1318. 

Kamoda, S., T. Terada et al. (2005). Production of heterogeneous dimer lignostilbenedioxygenase II from LSDA and LSDB in Escherichia coli cells. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 69(3) 635-637. 

Yamamoto, H., Matsuyama, A. and Kobayashi, Y. (2002) Synthesis of ethyl (R)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate with recombinant Escherichia coli cells expressing (S)-specific secondary alcohol dehydrogenase. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 66 (2), 4814-83. 

The significance of the application of immobilized-cell technology in the production of industrially important chemicals is exemplified by the production of acrylamide by immobilized Escherichia coli cells containing nitrile hydratase. The immobilized Escherichia coli cells convert acrylonitrile to acrylamide, yielding 6000 tons of acrylamide per year by this process [28]. 

Savithiry, N., Cheong, T.K. and Oriel, P. (1997) Production of cr-terpineol from Escherichia coli cells expressing thermostable limonene hydratase. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 63-65, 213-220. 

Vecchio A, Finoli C, Simine DD, Andreoni V (1998) Heavy metal biosorption by bacterial cells. Fresenius J Anal Chem 361 338-342 Walker SG, Flemming CA, Ferris FG, Beveridge TJ, Bailey GW (1989) Physicochemical interaction of Escherichia coli cell envelopes and Bacillus subtilis cell walls with two clays and ability of the composite to immobililze heavy metals from solution. Appl Environ Microbiol 55 2976-2984 Wightman PG, Fein JB (2001) Ternary interactions in a humic acid-Cd-bacteria system. ChemGeol 180 55-65... 

To circumvent the cofactor regeneration problem, redox biotransformations are also carried out in whole cells - for example, baker s yeast [28, 29] or engineered Escherichia coli cells [30] - using the intracellular cofactor pool and inherent or recombinant regeneration systems. 

Maddock, I. R. and Shapiro, L. (1993). Polar location of the chemoreceptor complex in the Escherichia coli cell, Science, 259, 1717-1723. 

Rojas-Chapana J, Troszczynska J, Firkowska I, Morsczeck C, Giersig M (2005) Multi-walled carbon nanotubes for plasmid delivery into Escherichia coli cells. Lab Chip 5 536-539. 

Mountzouris, K. C., Balaskas, C., Fava, F., Tuohy, K. M., Gibson, G. R., and Fegeros, K. (2006). Profiling of composition and metabolic activities of the colonic microflora of growing pigs fed diets supplemented with prebiotic oligosaccharides. Anaerobe 12,178-185. Mulvey, M. A. (2002). Adhesion and entry of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Cell. Microbiol. 4, 257-271. 

Nolan, L.C. and O Connor, K.E., Use of Pseudomonas mendocina, or recombinant Escherichia coli cells expressing toluene -monooxygenase, and a cell-free tyrosinase for the synthesis of 4-fluorocatechol from fluorobenzene. Biotechnol. Lett., 2007, 29, 1045. 

McNerney, T. M., Watson, S. K., Sim, J. H., and Bridenbaugh, R. L. (1996). Separation of recombinant human growth hormone from Escherichia coli cell pellet extract by capillary zone electrophoresis./. Chromatogr. A 744, 223 — 229. 

Escherichia coli cells grown in a medium with lactose as the only carbon source are monitored for p-galactosidase activity over time with the results shown below. 

Zimbrick JD, Aruni S, Richmond RC. Studies on radiosensitization of Escherichia coli cells by cis-platinum complexes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1979 5 1351-1354. 

The gene for this protein has also been isolated from A. faecalis and sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli cells (Yamamoto et al., 1987). Like azurin, it contains an amino-terminal signal sequence, suggesting that it is secreted into the periplasm in A. faecalis, although not all of the blue protein is found in this fraction. Mutants of this protein are being made and characterized in T. Beppu s laboratory (Univ. of Tokyo) (personal communication, 1989). 

Moreover, uncoupHng experiments using Escherichia coli cells were described. An addition of glucose to stationary E. coli cells leads to an increase of fluorescence intensity in the region of NAD(P)H, because it is formed in the glycolysis. This increase was stopped abruptly by addition of 2,4 dinitrophenol (DNP), which effects a decrease in the fluorescence signal according to the theory of uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation. The dynamics of this process. 

Fed-Batch Cultures of Escherichia coli Cells with Oxygen-Dependent nar Promoter Systems... 

Several excellent review articles have addressed this issue from molecular biology to high density cell cultures of Escherichia coli cells [1-4]. We will briefly review E. coli promoter system with emphasis on oxygen-dependent VHb and nar promoters and discuss fed-batch cultures of the nar promoter system requiring nitrates or no nitrates. These new systems will be compared with other existing promoter systems. 

First, the objective of this study is to maximize overall concentration of a desired protein per reactor volume basis, which can be accomplished by increasing specific productivity of a single cell as well as a total biomass in a unit volume of the fermentor. For this purpose we alternated microaerobic and aerobic conditions to recombinant Escherichia coli cells. 

Klyushnichenko, V., Tishkov, V. andKula, M.R. (1997) Rapid SDS-Gel capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of recombinant NADP(+)-dependent formate dehydrogenase during expression in Escherichia coli cells and its purification. J... 

Figure 1.41 a-Chloro-/J-ketoester using engineered Escherichia coli cells. 

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