Aviation kerosene

Biocides Especially for controlling Clostridium and similar organisms found in water present in aviation kerosene and diesel tanks. Biocides include special grades of isothiazolines, polyquats, diamines, and sulfones. 

IARC (1989d) concluded that there was inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity of jet fuel in humans and animals, but noted that there is limited evidence for the carcinogenicity in experimental animals of straight-run kerosene and hydrotreated kerosene. IARC s review included a cohort mortality study that found no increased cancer risk in men exposed to jet fuel, aviation kerosene, and other fuels in the Swedish Air force elevated risk for kidney cancer in men exposed to jet fuel in a Canadian case-control study and both positive and negative findings for skin cancer in studies of mice dermally exposed to jet fuels. 

Guiney PD, Sykora JL, Kelett G. 1987. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in a trout stream contaminated by an aviation kerosene spill. Env Tox Chem 6 105-114. 

Liquid membrane technology has been applied to a great extent for separation of mixtures of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons. Investigations reveal that the LSM process offers potential for dearomatization of petroleum streams like naphtha and kerosene to meet product specifications for naphtha cracker feedstock and aviation kerosene, respectively [25, 63, 85, 144-146]. The separation is based on a simple permeation technique and occurs due to the difference in solubility and diffusivity of permeating species through the membrane. Kato and Kawasaki [70] conducted studies on the enhancement of hydrocarbon permeation by the use of a polar additive like sulfolane or triethyl glycol. Sharma et al. [147] enhanced the selectivity of the membrane by several orders with the addition of a carrier. Chakraborty et al. [85] used cyclodextrins to enhance the separation factor and removal efficiency of aromatic compound. 

Cryogenic fuels like liquid hydrogen are more difficult to handle and substantially more difficult to store compared to hydrocarbon fuels like gasoline or aviation kerosene. Even with highly-insulated double-walled, vacuum-jacketed storage tanks liquid hydrogen can evaporate at a rate of almost 9% per day. 

At Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, armor-piercing incendiary and fragment simulator bullets were fired into aluminum storage tanks containing both kerosene and liquid hydrogen. The test results indicated that the liquid hydrogen was safer than conventional aviation kerosene. 

By using this approach the GRO concentration as well as BTEX and MTBE concentrations are determined. TPHV (C4-C13) can also be quoted especially if aviation kerosenes are apparent. Tetraethyl lead can also be detected. 

Synonyms Jet fuel JP-8, kerosene, aviation kerosene, fuel oil no. 1, jet kerosene, turbo fuel A, straight-run kerosene, distillate fuel oil-light, MIL-T-83133B, AVTUR, NATO F-34... 

Military Specification, Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Kerosene Type, Grade JP-8, MIL-T-83133A, 18 May 1979. 

Aviation kerosene Ethylene cracking Vapour phase cracking of naphthia and light gas oil Jet fuels Smith [1969] Chen and Maddock [1973] Femandez-Baujin and Solomon [1976] Vranos et a/ [1981]... 

NASA Lewis lie. Hybrid second air Aviation Kerosene or JET Ceramic 190,2 bar + Reduction of soot, prevent catalyst overheating 139. 140... 

Dissolved water is also present in the fuel. The amount of water solubility in fuel is related to the hydroearbon ehain length, the presence of an aromatic structure, and temperature. Shorter chain paraffins dissolve more water than the longer chain paraffins. Kerosene fuels are more susceptible to microbial attack because they have a greater capacity to absorb dissolved water than other fuel types. There is 1 part per million (ppm) of dissolved water in aviation kerosene fuel for every degree Celsius (C) above zero (Park, 1975). An aromatie hydroearbon ean dissolve five times more water than straight chain hydrocarbons. Chemicals used to treat fuel such as preservatives can also contribute to the dissolved water content. 

This is a rapid (detection within four hours) and sensitive method to identify microbial contaminants. However, you must have the appropriate equipment and trained personnel to run the test and interpret the test results. Immunofluorescence was evaluated by Gaylarde et al. (1998) as a method for identifying Hormoconis resinae in aviation kerosene fuel. There was little cross-reaction with other fuel fungi. The hyphae and spores of Hormoconis resinae were detected in a biofilm. 

Hill, E. C. and Hill, G. C., 2000. Detection and remediation of microbial spoilage and corrosion in aviation kerosene - from refinery to wing. 

Such information is important because paraffinic oils are excellent for the production of aviation kerosene (jet fuel), diesel, lubricants and paraffins naphthenic oils produce significant fractions of gasoline, naphtha, aviation fuel and lubricants while the aromatic oils are best suited for the production of gasoline, solvents and asphalt (Thomas, 2001). 

SIT significantly depends on fuel composition and its structure as well as on pressure, temperature, and fuel concentration in a fuel vapor/oxidizer system. For typical hydrocarbons SIT lies in the range between 600°C (methane) and 200°C (decane). The lower SIT level = 190°C is used for assessing the danger of aviation kerosene ability to explode. SIT is always much higher than the explosion temperature and significantly lower than the flammability temperature of a heated surface. 

Chuck, C.J., Donnelly, J., 2014. The compatibility of potential bio-derived fuels with Jet A-1 aviation kerosene. Applied Energy 118, 83—91. 

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