Dissolved gases in water

Hydroiodic acid, the colorless solution formed when hydrogen iodide gas dissolves in water, is prepared by reaction of iodine with hydrogen sulfide or hydrazine or by an electrolytic method. Typically commercial hydroiodic acid contains 40—55% HI. Hydroiodic acid is used in the preparation of iodides and many organic iodo compounds. 

Sulfur dioxide is extremely stable to heat, even up to 3600°F. It docs not form flammable or cxplosi c mixtures witli air. It will, howe cr, react with water or steam to produce toxic and corrosive fumes.When the gas dissolves in water it forms a weak acid solution of sulfurous acid (H S03), which is corrosi C [Pg.274]

Observing a brown gas dissolve in water to form an acidic solution has greater relevance to a high school audience when the observation is related to the global problems of atmospheric pollution and acid precipitation. The environmental issues mean more to the students for having seen the demonstrations. 

C16-0007. Write the equilibrium constant expression for HCl gas dissolving in water to produce hydronium ions, and indicate the appropriate concentration units for each ... 

The C02-bicarbonate buffer is a little different from buffers using the usual kind of acids and bases, but it is extremely important in maintaining the acid-base balance of the blood. The acid form of the bicarbonate buffer is actually a gas dissolved in water. Dissolved C02 is turned into an acid by hydration to give H2C03. Hydrated C02 is then much like a carboxylic acid. It gives up a proton to a base and makes bicarbonate, HCO 3. 

The partial specific volume V2 for hydrogen gas dissolved in water is exceptionally large 13.0 mL gm . Find an equation for Wd/msm-face for dissolved H2. 

Sulfur dioxide gas dissolves in water to set up equilibria similar to those of C02 ... 

Sulphide of hydrogen gas dissolves in water, forming a solution used extensively as a reagent for most of the metals, from the solutions of which it precipitates metallic sulphides of various colors, by which many metals are distinguished. 

Cl2 (aq.) (ideal). Chlorine gas dissolved in water is in part hydrolyzed to form HC1 and HCIO. In addition, aqueous chlorine solutions decom-... 

Carbon dioxide is the acid anhydride of carbonic acid, H2C03, which forms when the gas dissolves in water. However not all the dissolved molecules react to form the acid, and a solution of carbon dioxide in water is an equilibrium mixture of COz, H2C03, HC03, and a very small amount of C032- ... 

The biologically active surface (to 10 cm depth) has a methane flux that varies between 1 and 100 mmC/m2 per day. The hydrate results from free gas and gas dissolved in water. Two types of hydrate fabric result (1) porous hydrates, from accumulation of bubbles of free gas and (2) massive hydrates, with twice the density of porous hydrates (0.9 g/L versus 0.4 g/L). In the recent Raman spectroscopy, southern Hydrate Ridge experiments by the MBARI (Hester et al., 2005), the near-surface hydrate Raman specta contained significant amounts of free gas as well as hydrates, with only a trace of hydrogen sulfide in the methane gas. 

The solution is only weakly alkaline because of the reversible nature of this reaction, which results in a relatively low concentration of hydroxide ions. Ammonia gas dissolved in water is usually known as aqueous ammonia. 

Sulfur dioxide is a colourless gas produced when sulfur or substances containing sulfur, for example crude oil or natural gas, are burned in oxygen gas. It has a choking smell and is extremely poisonous. The gas dissolves in water to produce an acidic solution of sulfurous acid. 

Ammonia gas dissolved in water is usually known as aqueous ammonia. The solution is only weakly alkaline, which results in a relatively low concentration of hydroxide ions. Aqueous ammonia can be used to identify salts of Al3+, Ca2+,Cr3+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ ions. The colour of the precipitate or solution formed identifies the metal present (Table 16.4). 

Use o for an electron from a hydrogen atom. Use x for an electron from a chlorine atom. [2] c Hydrochloric acid is formed when hydrogen chloride gas dissolves in water. Suggest the pH of hydrochloric acid. Put a ring around the correct answer. 

A solution is saturated if it contains the maximum amount of solute that can possibly be dissolved in a solvent at the existing temperature and pressure conditions. If a solution is saturated, it need not be concentrated. Concentrated refers to the ratio of solute to solvent. A solution is concentrated if it contains a high ratio of solute to solvent. A solution is dilute if it contains a low ratio of solute to solvent. A solution of ammonia gas dissolved in water can be highly concentrated but not saturated. Ammonia gas dissolves easily in water. Barium hydroxide is slightly soluble. A saturated solution of barium hydroxide is very dilute. 

CaO(s) + H20w —> Ca(0H)2(aq) Many municipal water treatment plants use calcium hydroxide to soften very hard water before releasing it for public use. Most non-metal oxides react with water to form acidic solutions. For example, sulfur dioxide gas dissolves in water to form sulfurous acid. 

Hydrogen cyanide is a poisonous gas at room temperature. When this gas dissolved in water, the following reaction occurs ... 

Using the linear Henry s law the amount of gas dissolved in water can be calculated for a known temperature and partial pressure. 

C. nitrogen gas dissolves in water to produce a strongly acidic solution which would damage the plant cells... 

As an example of the Arrhenius model of acids and bases, consider what happens when hydrogen chloride gas dissolves in water. HCl molecules ionize to form H+ ions, which make the solution acidic. 

Sulfur dioxide is widely used in water and wastewater treatment plants for dechlori-nating backwash water and wastewaters containing chlorine. It is a colorless gas with a suffocating pungent odor. Sulfite ion, which is formed when SO2 gas dissolves in water, reacts instantaneously with free and combined chlorine according to the following stoichiometry (13) ... 

Hydrogen chloride gas dissolves in water very well, but iodine crystals do not dissolve in water. How can you explain this ... 

When ammonia gas dissolves in water, some of the aqueous ammonia molecules react with water molecules to form ammonium ions and hydroxide ions, as shown in this reaction. 

Weak bases form hydroxide ions by reacting with water, removing H+ from water leaving OH in solution. They are weak electrolytes and only a small fraction of base molecules produce hydroxide ion at any instant. Reactions like this in which water is a reactant are called hydrolysis reactions. The most common weak bases are the nitrogen bases, neutral molecules containing a nitrogen atom that can bond to the H+ removed from water. Aqueous ammonia, a solution of ammonia gas dissolved in water, is the most common nitrogen base. A small fraction of the ammonia molecules react with water and exist in equilibrium with ammonium and hydroxide ions, NHA(aq) and OH (aq). 

Acids and bases are also electrolytes. Some acids, including hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO3), are strong electrolytes. These acids ionize completely in water for example, when hydrogen chloride gas dissolves in water, it forms hydrated H+ and Cl ions ... 

We gain deeper insight into acid-base reactions if we look closely at the species in solution. Let s see what takes place when HCl gas dissolves in water. Polar water molecules pull apart each HCl molecule, and the H ion ends up bonded to a water molecule. In essence, HCl transfers its proton to H2O ... 

Figure 20.7 The large decrease in entropy of a gas when it dissolves in a liquid. The chaotic movement and high entropy of molecules of O2 are reduced greatly when the gas dissolves in water.

Pressure. Changes in pressure have little effect on the solnbifity of sofid or liquid solutes in a liquid solvent, but pressure has a much greater influence on the solubility of a gaseous solute. A commonly observed phenomenon that supports this is the effervescence that occnrs when the cap of a bottle of ordinary soda water is removed. Soda water contains carbon dioxide gas dissolved in water under pressure when the cap is removed, the pressure of the gas on the liquid is decreased to atmospheric pressure. Since carbon dioxide gas leaves the solution at this lower pressure, it follows that the solubility of carbon dioxide in water is dependent upon the pressure of the carbon dioxide above the liquid. The results of this simple observation are summarized in Henry s Law, which states that at any specified temperature, the extent to which a gas dissolves in a liqnid is directly dependent upon the pressure of the gas. 

Hydrogen iodide is a colorless gas, and hydriodic acid is a colorless solution which is formed when hydrogen iodide gas dissolves in water. 

Ammonium hydroxide (uh-MOH-ni-um hye-DROK-side) is a clear, colorless aqueous solution consisting of ammonia gas dissolved in water. The compound does not exist in any other state. Ammonium hydroxide has a strong pungent, suffocating odor caused hy the release of ammonia gas from the solution. Most solutions of ammonium hydroxide range in concentration from less than one percent to about 35 percent ammonia. For most commercial purposes the lowest concentration is about 10 percent ammonia in water. 

Chlorine gas dissolves in water hence it cannot he preserved over that liquid. The solution is termed chlorine water. It has the smell of the gas, and bleaches vegetable colours most powerfully, which perfectly diy chlorine does not. It also destroys foetid or noxious effluvia, and is very useful in checking the spread of contagions disease. 

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