Aluminum storage

Many stabilizer systems have been tailored to a particular industry need or for particular areas where dilution water quaUty is poor. These grades are heavily stabilized and may contain organic sequestering agents, ie, staimate, phosphates, and nitrate ions, so that the weak solutions produced by dilution from hard water retain acceptable stabihty. The nitrate is not a stabilizer, but it inhibits corrosion of aluminum storage tanks by chloride ion. 

At Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, armor-piercing incendiary and fragment simulator bullets were fired into aluminum storage tanks containing both kerosene and liquid hydrogen. The test results indicated that the liquid hydrogen was safer than conventional aviation kerosene. 

ACETONE. CH-CO-CHj. Aluminum and Al-Mg alloys are resistant to acetone in laboratory tests at all temperatures. Aluminum has been used with acetone for piping, stills, heat exchangers and storage. Mild corrosion has been reported in an aluminum storage tank for redistilled acetone. Alloy 356.0 valves have been used for handling acetone. See also Ref (Dp. 124. (2) p. 17. (3) pp. 121, 242. (7) p. 5. 

FURFURAL. C5H4O . In laboratory tests, alloy 3(X)3 was resistant to solutions of furfural at ambient temperature and 200 C (392°F).. Aluminum storage tanks, evaporators, condensers, valves and pumps have been used to handle gasoline-furfural mixtures. Aluminum bubble caps, trays and heat exchangers have been used where furfural is used a.s the selective solvent. Pure furfural for pharmaceuticals has been stored in aluminum.. Alloy 35o.O valves have been used for handling furfural. See also Ref (1) p. 133. l2)p. 325.(3) p. 148. Op. 95. 

Mild steel is a suitable material of constmction for storage and handling of DMAC at ambient temperatures. Aluminum or stainless steel is recommended for cases involving very stringent color or iron contamination requirements. Mild steel is not recommended for high temperature service or handling aqueous solutions of less than 50 mol % (82.86 wt %) DMAC. 

Shipment, Storage, and Price. Butynediol, 35% solution, is available in tank cars, tank trailers, and dmms. Stainless steel, nickel, aluminum, glass, and various plastic and epoxy or phenoHc liners have ak been found satisfactory. Rubber hose is suitable for transferring. The solution is nonflammable and freezes at about —5°C. 

Shipment, Stora.ge, ndPrice. Butyrolactone is shipped in unlined steel tank cars and plain steel dmms. Plain steel, stainless steel, aluminum, and nickel are suitable for storage and handling mbber, phenoHcs, and epoxy resins are not suitable. Butyrolactone is hygroscopic and should be protected from moisture. Because of its low free2ing point (—44° C), no provision for heating storage vessels is needed. 

Most A1F. and cryoHte producers have their own HF production faciUties. HF vapor is reacted with alumina trihydrate to form A1F. in a fluid-bed reactor. HF is reacted with sodium hydroxide to form sodium fluoride, which is then used to produce cryoHte. Producers who manufacture these products solely for use in the aluminum industry do not generally install Hquid HF storage and handling faciHties, and do not participate in the merchant HF market. 

In unalloyed steel containers formamide discolors slowly during shipment and storage. Both copper and brass are also subject to corrosion, particularly in the presence of water. Lead is less readily attacked. Aluminum and stainless steel are resistant to attack by formamide and should be used for shipping and storage containers where the color of the product is important or when metallic impurities must be minimized. Formamide attacks natural mbber but not neoprene. As a result of the solvent action of formamide, most protective paints and finishes are unsatisfactory when in contact with formamide. Therefore, formamide is best shipped in containers made of stainless steel or in dmms made of, or coated with, polyethylene. Formamide supphed by BASF is packed in Lupolen dmms (230 kg) or Lupolen canisters (60 kg) both in continental Europe and overseas. 

Storage. For receiving glycerol from standard 30.3-m (8000-gal) tank cars (36.3-t), a storage tank of 38—45-m ((10-12) x 10 — gal) capacity should be employed. Preferably it should be of stainless steel (304 or 316), of stainless- or nickel-clad steel, or of aluminum. Certain resin linings such as Lithcote have also been used. Glycerol does not seriously corrode steel tanks at room temperature but gradually absorbed moisture may have an effect. Therefore, tanks should be sealed with an air-breather trap. 

Lithium Aluminum Hydride. Freshly prepared lithium aluminum hydride [16853-85-3] is a white crystalline soHd that tends to become gray during storage, although very Httle loss in purity occurs. The soHd hydride is stable in dry air at room temperature, but decomposes above 125°C. Its heat of formation is —117 kJ/mol (—28.0 kcal/mol). 

The birefringence of substrate materials for optical data storage devices requires special attention, especially in the case of EOD(MOR) disks. Birefringence has no importance for glass substrates (glass does not exhibit any significant birefringence) and is only a subordinate factor for polymeric protective layers of aluminum substrates because of their reflective read/write technique. 

An advantage of aluminum is the high level of knowledge and the automated production plants stemming from the mass production of A1 substrates for magnetic hard disks these can be widely used for the production of substrate disks for optical data storage. 

Pig. 4. Batch process for producing phosphatidylcholine fractions. 1, Ethanol storage tank 2, deoiled lecithin 3, solubiHzer 4, blender 5, film-type evaporator 6, ethanol-insoluble fraction 7, ethanol-soluble fraction 8, aluminum oxide 9, mixer 10, decanter 11, dryer 12, aluminum oxide removal 13, phosphatidylcholine solution 14, circulating evaporator 15, cooler 16, dryer and 17, phosphatidylcholine. 

Commercial-grade nitroparaftins are shipped and stored ia ordinary carbon steel. However, wet nitroparaftins containing more than 0.1—0.2% water may become discolored when stored ia steel for long periods, even though corrosion is not excessive. Aluminum and stainless steel are completely resistant to corrosion by wet nitroparaftins. Storage ia contact with lead (qv), copper, or alloys containing these metals should be avoided. Polymeric materials for gaskets, hoses, and connections should be tested for thek suitabiHty before exposure to nitroparaftins. 

Shipping and Storage. Phosphoms(V) sulfide is stored and shipped in 208-L (55-gal) dmms containing 250 kg of product, portable closed aluminum bins containing 1800—3400-kg net weight, and railcars. P4S q is classified as a flammable soHd having the international shipping code of UN No. 1340. 

Aluminum alkoxides are easily soluble in hydrocarbons and in chlorinated hydrocarbons, but sparingly soluble in alcohols. They are sensitive to moisture and dry storage is essential. Aluminum alkoxides are used extensively as intermediates, for example, in the Meerwein-Poimdorf reaction (94). 

Liquid polyalurninum chloride is acidic and corrosive to common metals. Suitable materials for constmction of storage and handling facilities include synthetic mbber-lined steel, corrosion resistant fiber glass reinforced plastics (FRP), ceramics, tetrafluoroethylene polymer (PTFE), poly(vinyhdene fluoride) (PVDF), polyethylene, polypropylene, and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVG). Suitable shipping containers include mbber-lined tank tmcks and rail cars for bulk shipment and plastic-lined or aH-plastic dmms and tote bins for smaller quantities. Except for aluminum chlorohydrates, PAG products are shipped as hazardous substances because of their acidity. 

Shipment and Storage. 2-Pyrrohdinone is available in steel dmms and in aluminum or stainless-steel tank cars and tank trailers. Because of its high freezing point, bulk shipments are in tanks with heating coils. Heating with hot water rather than steam avoids product discoloration. Steel (qv), stainless steel, and aluminum are satisfactory materials for storage containers. Because 2-pyrrohdinone is hygroscopic, it must be protected from atmospheric moisture. 

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