Autonomic functioning

Autonomic functions/palpitations, nausea, sweating 4- gut motility, gas trie/tremor, ganglionic function... 

Other brain regions Effects on cognitive, locomotor, sensory and autonomic functions, analgesic effects... 

Fleishman JA, Hellinger FH (2003) Recent trends in HIV-related inpatient admissions 1996-2000 a 7-state study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 34(1) 102-110 Freeman R, Roberts MS et al (1990) Autonomic function and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Neurology 40(4) 575-580... 

The so-called inferior group (B1-B4) projects mainly to brainstem nuclei, the head nuclei of some cranial nerves and the spinal cord. This means that these neurons are well placed for serving a key role in regulation of motor activity, autonomic function and nociception. In addition, there are numerous interconnections between the different... 

Monti-Bloch L., Diaz-Sanchez V. and Jennings-White C. (1998). Modulation of serum testosterone and autonomic function through stimulation of the male human vomeronasal organ with pregna-4, 20-diene-3,6-dione. J Steroid Biochem Molec Biol 65, 237-242. 

PCP affects the sensorium, behavior, and vital signs, and it may affect motor and autonomic functions. Hypertension and nystagmus... 

Cohen J, Low P, Fealey R, Sheps S, Jiang NS Somatic and autonomic function in progressive autonomic failure, a multiple system atrophy. Ann Neurol 1987 22 692-699. 

In multinodular goiters (Plummer s disease), follicles with a high degree of autonomous function coexist with normal or even nonfunctioning follicles. Thyrotoxicosis occurs when the autonomous follicles generate more thyroid hormone than is required. 

Toxic adenomas may result in hyperthyroidism with larger nodules. Because there may be isolated elevation of serum T3 with autonomously functioning nodules, a T3 level must be measured to rule out T3 toxicosis if the T4 level is normal. After a radioiodine scan demonstrates that the toxic thyroid adenoma collects more radioiodine than the surrounding tissue, independent function is documented by failure of the autonomous nodule to decrease its iodine uptake during exogenous T3 administration. 

In multinodular goiters, a thyroid scan shows patchy areas of autonomously functioning thyroid tissue. 

The effects of both oxytocin and vasopressin are particularly responsive to reproductive steroids (Tables 7 and 8). Oxytocin and vasopressin are best known as neurohypophyseal peptides, released by the posterior pituitary. However, both peptides also are released within the nervous system. Receptors for oxytocin and vasopressin are distributed in areas of the CNS that have been implicated in reproduction, emotion and autonomic functions. 

The Valsalva manoeuvre can be used to assess autonomic function or to terminate a supraventricular tachycardia. 

Toxicity from tropane alkaloids often results from their effects on autonomic function. Several species of Datura are freely available, either growing in the wild or cultivated as ornamental plants, such as angel s trumpet (Datura sauveolens). Periodic outbreaks of jimsonweed use occur, when adolescents learn about the psychoactive effects of the plant and intentionally ingest it. 

Green M, Loewenstein PM. Autonomous functional domains of chemically synthesized human immunodeficiency virus tat trans-activator protein. Cell 1988 53(6) 921-926. 

Unlike barbiturates, benzodiazepine derivatives administered orally lack a general anesthetic action cerebral activity is not globally inhibited (respiratory paralysis is virtually impossible) and autonomic functions, such as blood pressure, heart rate, or body temperature, are unimpaired. Thus, benzodiazepines possess a therapeutic margin considerably wider than that of barbiturates. 

DINAMIT (NEJM 2004) ICD vs no ICD in patients with recent MI (6-40 days), EF < 35% and impaired cardiac autonomic function 674 30 No difference in all cause mortality reduction = 0.66... 

L C. SCID-Xl (yC deficiency) is an optimal model for gene therapy because there is little yC gene transcription regulation yC expression is ubiquitous and constitutive among different hematopoietic Uncages and yC exerts no autonomous function. 

Neurons are the specialized cells through which virtually all the processes that occur in the central nervous system take place, from the control of movement and autonomic functions like breathing to complicated tasks like producing conscious thoughts. Internally, neurons use a combination of chemical and electrical signals, while communication between neurons is done mainly through chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. 

Given orally at normal therapeutic doses BDZs have little effect on cardiovascular, respiratory or autonomic function. Respiratory depression and reduced systolic blood pressure may occur but this is seen principally with intravenous administration or overdose. Leucopenia and eosinophilia are rare. There was a suggestion in the early 1980s of increased risk of breast cancer but a subsequent large case-control study refuted this. 

By using drugs that mimic or block the actions of chemical transmitters, we can selectively modify many autonomic functions. These functions involve a variety of effector tissues, including cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, vascular endothelium, exocrine glands, and presynaptic nerve terminals. Autonomic drugs are useful in many clinical conditions. However, a very large number of drugs used for other purposes have unwanted effects on autonomic function. 

Autonomic function is integrated and regulated at many levels, from the CNS to the effector cells. Most regulation uses negative feedback, but several other mechanisms have been identified. Negative feedback is particularly important in the responses of the ANS to the administration of autonomic drugs. 

Structures of the anterior chamber of the eye. Tissues with significant autonomic functions and the associated ANS receptors are shown in this schematic diagram. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body, flows into the space in front of the iris, flows through the trabecular meshwork, and exits via the canal of Schlemm arrow). Blockade of the 13 adrenoceptors associated with the ciliary epithelium causes decreased secretion of aqueous. Blood vessels (not shown) in the sclera are also under autonomic control and influence aqueous drainage. 

As a result of work on epileptic patients, it has been found that when the connections between the right and left brain hemispheres are severed, two semi-autonomous functional systems emerge.14 The left... 

The SNS and PNS counteract and thereby balance each other in the regulation of the autonomic functions of the body. Should one system become inoperable the other will dominate. Table 5 lists the responses of various tissue and organs to SNS and PNS stimulation. Figure 24 summarizes the details of the autonomic nervous system. 

This is an awe-inspiring question to which our answer must, for now, be even more daringly speculative. To answer it we invoke an analogy between the autonomic functions of aminergic and cholinergic neurons in the periphery and their central autonomic functions (where they might be expected to have a say in blood flow). 

Opioids in the different parts of the limbic system suppress the emotional component of pain and the pain suffering. Opioids in the formatio reticularis inhibit the pain-induced activation of autonomous functions, e.g. increase in respiration, increase in blood pressure and sweating. The inhibitory actions at the formatio reticularis are responsible for the major side-effects of the opioids such as respiratory depression, bradycardia and the central component of gastrointestinal inhibition. 

The experiments were similar to those that I carried out with Miss Z and Monroe in that Swann sat in a comfortable chair with electrodes attached for measuring brain waves and various autonomic functions. He attempted to focus his consciousness outside his body and see target material, which was located in an open-top box hung from the ceiling. The material would be readily visible from a position above the box but invisible to anyone in the room. Initially, a five-digit random number was used as a target, as in my study of Miss Z, but Swann did not feel... 

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