Ascaris suum effects

Vanover, L. and Komuniecki, P.R. (1989) Effect of gas phase on carbohydrate metabolism of Ascaris suum larvae. Molecular Biochemical Parasitology 36, 29-40. 

Bowman, J.W., Winterrowd, C.A., Friedman, A.R., Thompson, D.P., Klein, R.D., Davis, J.P., Maule, A.G. and Geary, T.G. (1995) Nitric oxide mediates the inhibitory effects of SDPNFLRFamide, a nematode FMRFamide-like neuropeptide, in Ascaris suum. Journal of Neurophysiology 74, 1880-1888. 

Holden-Dye, L., Brownlee, D.J.A. and Walker, R.J. (1997) The effects of the peptide KPNFIRFamide (PF4) on the somatic muscle cells of the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum. British Journal of Pharmacology 120, 379—386. 

Maule, A.G., Geary T.G., Bowman, J.W., Marks, N.J., Blair, K.L., Halton, D.W., Shaw, C. and Thompson, D.P. (1995b) Inhibitory effects of nematode FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs) on muscle-strips from Ascaris suum. Invertebrate Neuroscience 1, 255-265. 

Arevalo, J.I. and Saz, H.J. (1992) Effects of cholinergic agents on the metabolism of choline in muscle from Ascaris suum. Journal of Parasitology 78, 387-392. 

Martin, R.J. (1982) Electrophysiological effects of piperazine and diethylcarba-mazine on Ascaris suum somatic muscle. British Journal of Pharmacology 77, 255-265. 

Mejer, H., Roepstorff, A., Thamsborg, S. M., Hansen, L. L. and Knudsen, K. E. B. (2005). Effect of feeding with chicory roots on Oesophagostomum dentatum and Ascaris suum infections in pigs . Proceedings of the 20th International Conference of the WAAVP, 16-20 October 2005. Christchurch, NZ, p 222. 

Satrija, F., Nansen, P., Bjorn, H., Martini, S. and He, S. (1994). Effect of Papaya latex against Ascaris suum in naturally infected pigs . Journal of Helminthology, 68(4), 343-346. 

Karsten, W.E., Gavva, S.R., Park, S.H. and Cook, P.E. (1995). Metal ion activator effects on intrinsic isotope effects for hydride transfer from decarboxylation in the reaction catalyzed by the NAD-malic enzyme from Ascaris suum. Biochemistry 34, 3253-3260... 

This dual activity against both nematode and arthropod parasites of animals was an unexpected bonus from a screen for anthelmintic agents. The reason for this broad activity lies in their mode of action. They act by interfering with y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mediated neurotransmission. When treated with avermectin, the nematode Ascaris suum becomes paralyzed although it retains normal muscle tone (17). Picrotoxin, an antagonist of GABA, can reverse the effect of avermectin on neurotransmission vitro. 

Rocha FA, Leite AK, Pompeu MM, Cunha TM, Verri WA Jr, Soares FM, Castro RR, Cunha FQ (2008) Protective effect of an extract from Ascaris suum in experimental arthritis models. Infect Immun 76(6) 2736-2745... 

Hofer, H. W., Allen, B. L., Kaeini, M. R. and Harris, B. G. (1982) Phosphofructokinase from Ascaris suum. The effect of phosphorylation on activity near-physiological conditions. J. Biol. Chem. 257 3807-3810. 

Bowman, J. W., Geary, T. G. and Thompson, D. P. (1991) Electrophysiological characterization of the effects of nematode FMRFamide-like neuropeptides on Ascaris suum muscles. Abstr. Neurotox 91, 129. 

Boisvenue, R. J. (1990) Effects of aeration and temperature in vitro and in vivo studies on developing and infective eggs of Ascaris suum. J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 57 51-56. 

Fleming, M. W. (1988) Hormonal effects on the in vitro larval growth of the swine intestinal roundworm, Ascaris suum. Invert. Repro. Dev. 14 153-160. 

S. K. Buxton, C. Neveu, C. L. Charvet, A. P. Robertson and R. J. Martin, On the mode of action of einodepside slow effects on membrane potential and voltage-activated currents in Ascaris suum, Br. J. Pharmacol., 2011, 164, 453 70. 

J. Wilson, K. Amliwala, A. Harder, L. Holden-Dye and R. J. Walker, The effect of the anthelmintic emodepside at the neuromuscular junction of the parasite Ascaris suum. Parasitology, 2003, 126, 79-86. 

KSAYMRFamide (AF8) has been found to have nerve cord-dependent excitatory effects on ventral and inhibitory effects on dorsal muscle strips of A. suum (Maule et al, 1995b). To date, this is the only peptide found to display differential activity on body-wall muscle of Ascaris. The segmental oscillator model of locomotion proposed for A. suum relies on reciprocal inhibition of opposing effects on dorsal and ventral muscle fields which, with the appropriate time intervals, result in the recognized nematode locomotory wave form (Stretton et al., 1985 Davis and Stretton, 1996). It seems reasonable to hypothesize that AF8 could be involved in the... 

Besides AFl and AF2, 16 other Ascaris FMRFamide-like peptides have been isolated and sequenced (12 sequences are shown in Table 14.2) (194-197 Cowden and Stretton, unpublished). These sequences are unique and not related by post-translational modification or, in most cases, by proteolysis they are also different from FMRFamide-like sequences reported in other organisms, whether obtained from isolated and sequenced peptides, or by deduction from the DNA sequences of genes. It is clear that there is a family of FMRFamide-like peptides in A. suum. They can be divided into several subfamilies related by sequence. Initial experiments on their bioactivity suggest that these may also be functional subfamilies. Measurements of effects on muscle tension, and on input resistance of four types of motoneurons, show that there are at least four classes of biological activity controlled by these peptides AFl and AF2 form one class that causes contraction and the generation of rhythmic activity in muscle (194,197), AF3 and AF4 cause muscle contraction (195), AF5 and AF7 reduce the input resistance of both excitatory and inhibitory motoneurons, and AFl 1 relaxes muscle and increases the input resistance of inhibitory motoneurons (Davis and Stretton, unpublished). 

Antifungal azoles, names, 270-27It Aphelenchus avenae. ecdysteroids, 214 Apis melllfera. effect of sterols on brood production, 183 Artemisia absinthium, sesquiterpene Inhibitor production, 104 Ascaris. sterol biosynthesis, 202-203 Ascarls suum, ecdysteroids, 214 Aspergillus nldulans, studies of sterol inhibitors, 276-277 Aspergillus nlger. studies of fatty acids, 222,223... 

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