Neutral glycosphingolipid

Yu Z W, Calvert T L and Leckband D 1998 Molecular forces between membranes displaying neutral glycosphingolipids evidence for carbohydrate attraction Biochemistry 37 1540-50... 

Gerdt, S., Lochnit, G., Dennis, R.D. and Geyer, R. (1997) Isolation and structural analysis of three neutral glycosphingolipids from a mixed population of Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematoda Rhabditdida). Glycobiology 7, 265-275. 

Structure, Nomenclature, and Abbreviations of Some Selected, Neutral Glycosphingolipids... 

Structure of a neutral glycosphingolipid, galactocerebroside (R is a fatty acid hydrocarbon chain). 

Neutral glycosphingolipids block immune cell proliferation and IL-2 production evoked by exposure to pokeweed (aT cell mitogen) (Persat et al., 1996)... 

Neutral glycosphingolipids derived from metacestodes of Echinococcus multilocularis... 

Singh, B.N., Beach, D.H., Walenga, R.W., Mueller, J.F. and Holz, G.G. (1987) Neutral glycosphingolipids of Spirometra life-cycle stages. In Maclnnis, A.J. (ed.) Molecular Paradigms of Eradicating fielminthic Parasites. A.R. Liss, New York, pp. 493-506. 

The following is a concise review of studies with neutral glycosphingolipids with emphasis on recent work in which we have utilized p-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as a catalyst to effect benzoylation with benzoic anhydride. 

An HPLC method for neutral glycosphingolipids was first designed for the analysis of human plasma glycolipids (3), which consist primarily of glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, globo-triaosylceramide and globotetraosylceramide (globoside). 

Ullman, M.D., McCluer, R.H. Quantitative analysis of plasma neutral glycosphingolipids by high performance liquid chromatography of their perbenzoyl derivatives. J. Lipid Res., 1977, 18, 371-377. 

Skipski, V.P. Thin-layer chromatography of neutral glycosphingolipids. Methods in Enzymolog.y, 1975, 35, 396-425. 

Figure 1. Schematic of the effects of brief treatment with mild alkali on the thin-layer chromatographic migrations of three types of glycolipids. 1, 2 control and alkali-treated neutral glycosphingolipid 3, 4 control and alkali-treated galactosyl-alkylacylglycerol 5, 6 control and alkali-treated galactosyldiacylglycerol. OR origin FR solvent front.

Structural Studies of Neutral Glycosphingolipids of Human Neutrophils by Electron Impact/Desorption Mass Spectrometry... 

Isolation of the neutra-L glycosphingolipids. In a typical extraction procedure, 10purified human neutrophils yielded 100-150 mg of total glycosphingolipids. As shown in Table I, glycosphingolipids account for approximately 10% of the total cellular dry weight of the neutrophil. Separation of the total neutrophil lipids by DEAE-sephadex and silicic acid column chromatography yielded 70-100 mg of neutral glycosphingolipids from lO cells. 

The data presented in this report allow the assignment of partial structures for four neutral glycosphingolipids of human neutrophils Hexose-O-Cer, Hexose-Q-Hexose-O-Cer, Hexosamine -0-Hexose-0-Hexose-0-Cer and Hexose-O-Hexosamine-O-Hexose-0-Hexose-0-Cer. 

Neutral glycosphingolipids have also been studied in human skeletal (8) and cardiac (9) muscle. In skeletal muscle, lacto-sylceramide is the predominant glycolipid (38.4%) followed by globotriaosylceramide (26.3%) and globoside (12.4%) while in heart, globoside predominates (43.0%) followed by globotriaosylceramide (32.0%). 

Precoated silica gel plates (silica gel 60) were purchased from Scientific Products. Bio-Sil A (200 - 400 Mesh) was obtained from Bio-Rad Laboratories. Fatty acid methyl esters, sphingosine and dihydrosphingosine were products of Supelco, Inc. as were 10% DEGS-PS, 3% SP-2340 and 3% OV-17 (all on Supelcoport support). N-acetyl and N-glycolyl neuraminic acid, DEAE-Sephadex A50 and neuraminidase type IX were obtained from Sigma Company. Ganglio-side standards from human brain and neutral glycosphingolipid standards from bovine erythrocytes were prepared in this laboratory. 

The neutral lipid fraction from the DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column was combined with the lower phase obtained after Folch partition of the total lipid extract and the combined lipids dried. To the same flask, 10Q ml of 0.6 M NaOH in methanol was added. The mixture was incubated at 37°C for 5 hours. Five volumes of acetone were then added and stored overnight at 4°C. The precipitate was collected by centrifugation at 4°C and dissolved in C M (4 1, v/v). After application to the column (2.0 x 25 cm), the column was washed with chloroform. Neutral glycolipids were then eluted with tetrahydrofuran H2O (10 1). Fractions containing neutral glycosphingolipids were pooled and their glycolipid content examined by thin-layer chromatography. 

Lanes 1 and 9, ganglioside and neutral glycosphingolipid standards as in Figure 4. Lane 2, ganglioside IV. Lane 3, 2+ neuraminidase. Lane 4, 3+ fi-galactosidase. Lane 5, 4+ ft-hexosaminidase. Lane 6, 5+ fi-galactosidase. Lane 7, 6+ / -hexosaminidase. Lane 8,... 

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