Aquatic ecosystem pollutants

Keywords Agricultural Chemicals, Aquatic Ecosystem, Pollutants, Fertilizers, Toxicity... 

Leonova G.A. (2004). Biogeochemical Indicators of Aquatic Ecosystem Pollution by Heavy Metals. Water Resources, 31(2), 195 -202. 

Boynton, W. R., Murray, L., Kemp, W. M., Hagy, J. D., Stokes, C., Jacobs, F., Bowers, J., Souza, S., Krinsky, B., and Seibel, J. (1992). Maryland s Coastal Bays An Assessment of Aquatic Ecosystems, Pollutant Loadings, and Management Options, Ref No. [UMCES]CBL 93-053. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, MD. 

Cosson, R.P. (2000) Bivalve metallothionein as a biomarker of aquatic ecosystem pollution by trace metals limits and perspectives. Cell. Mol. Biol., 46, 295-309. 

Human civilization interferes more and more with the cycles that cormect land, water, and atmosphere, and pollution seriously affects water quahty. In order to assess the stresses caused to aquatic ecosystems by chemical perturbation, the distribution of pollutants and their fate in the environment must be investigated (see Air pollution). 

Pollutant Distribution. Of particular importance for the aquatic ecosystem is the distribution of volatile substances, eg, gases and volatile organic compounds, between the atmosphere and water, and the sorption of compounds at soHd surfaces, eg, settling suspended matter, biological particles, sediments, and soils (41,42). 

One of the major effects of acidic deposition is felt by aquatic ecosystems in mountainous terrain, where considerable precipitation occurs due to orographic lifting. The maximum effect is felt where there is little buffering of the acid by soil or rock structures and where steep lakeshore slopes allow little time for precipitation to remain on the ground surface before entering the lake. Maximum fish kills occur in the early spring due to the "acid shock" of the first meltwater, which releases the pollution accumulated in the winter snowpack. This first melt may be 5-10 times more acidic than rainfall. 

Overall the results reported in this review indicate that water scarcity might increase metal exposure (due to low dilution), metal uptake (due to higher retention under low flow), and metal toxicity and/or accumulation (depending on the dose and time of exposure), but also might cause opposite effects depending on the source of pollution. In addition, water scarcity will influence nutrient loads and will also modulate the fate and effects of metals. Thus, future studies addressing the role of environmental stress on the effects of toxicants at community scale are key to predict the impact of toxicants in the aquatic ecosystems. 

Camargo JA, Alonso A (2006) Ecological and toxicological effects of inorganic nitrogen pollution in aquatic ecosystems a global assessment. Environ Int 32 831-849... 

Peterson SM, Batley GE. 1993. The fate of endosulfan in aquatic ecosystems. Environ Pollut 82 143-152. 

Rai, P.K., Heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems and its phytoremediation using wetland plants An ecosustainable approach, International Journal of Phytoremediation, 10, 133-160, 2008a. 

Mishra, V.K., Upadhyaya, A.R., Pandey, S.K., and Tripathi, B.D., Heavy metal pollution induced due to coal mining effluent on surrounding aquatic ecosystem and its management through naturally occurring aquatic macrophytes, Bioresource Technology, 99 (5), 930-936, 2008. 

Wright R.F., Schindler D.W. Interaction of acid rain and global changes Effects on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Water Air Soil Pollut 1995 85 89-99. 

Zhou QF, Zhang JB, Fu JJ, Shi JB, Jiang GB (2008) Biomonitoring an appealing tool for assessment of metal pollution in the aquatic ecosystem. Anal Chim Acta 606 135-150... 

To provide a better understanding of toxic impacts on aquatic ecosystems, cause-effect relationships between changes in biodiversity and the impact of environmental pollution as causative factor as well as the underlying processes. This included the assessment of sub-lethal effects in vitro and in vivo as early warning strategies and of their strength to predict potential hazards to the ecosystem. 

Lodenius, M. 1991. Mercury concentrations in an aquatic ecosystem during twenty years following abatement of the pollution source. Water Air Soil Pollut. 56 323-332. 

Ludke, J.L. and C.J. Schmitt. 1980. Monitoring contaminant residues in freshwater fishes in the United States the National Pesticide Monitoring Program. Pages 97-110 in W.R. Swain and V.R. Shannon (eds). Proc. 3rd U.S.-U.S.S.R. Symp. Effects of Pollutants upon Aquatic Ecosystems. U.S. Environ. Protection Agency Rep. 600/9-80-034. 

Bowie, G.L. and T.M. Grieb. 1991. A model framework for assessing the effects of selenium on aquatic ecosystems. Water Air Soil Pollut. 57-58 13-22. 

This chapter deals with the application of biogeochemical standards as the critical loads impacting the reduction of pollutant inputs to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. 

Bakker, D. J., de Vries, W., van de Plassche, E. J., van Pul W. A. J. (1998). Manual for Performing Risk Assessment for Persistent Organic Pollutants in Aquatic Ecosystems. Guidelines for critical limits, calculation methods and input data. TNO-Report. TNO-MEP-98/376. 

Sabaliunas, D. Elhngton, J. Neuman, J. 1998a, Semipermeable Membrane Devices for Monitoring Pollutants in Aquatic Ecosystems of Lithuania. CRC Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 2812 CRC Press Boca Raton, EL. p. 50. 

The mechanosensory systems of fish, including the lateral line, are closely related to the mammalian hearing system [12]. Besides possessing the typical vertebrate inner ear, fish possess the lateral line organs that contain sensory hair cells. These analogies are most relevant in toxicology and dmg discovery and evaluation, as some of the pharmaceuticals already detected in aquatic ecosystems as emerging pollutants affect the auditory function in humans. 

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