Nitrogen inorganic

Nitrogen with its symbol as N has an atomic number of 7. The isotopes of nitrogen have mass numbers ranging from 12 to 18. Nitrogen isotopes 14 and 15 are stable with natural abundance of 

64 and 0.366%, respectively. However, there are five other isotopes (N-12, N-13, N-16, N-17, and N-18), which are unstable and radioactive. Nitrogen, which is required by all organisms for basic processes of life, is found in nature in two basic forms inorganic and organic nitrogen. 

Ammonia/ammonium N (NH/NH ) Ammonia is colorless and readily solnble in water. The Ionic form is present under acidic soil conditions, whereas nnionized form is present under alkaline conditions. Ammonia is also absorbed on soil cation exchange complex or fixed in the crystal lattice of clay minerals. Indnstrially, ammonia is prodnced throngh the Haber process at 400°C and 250 atm (N2 + 3H2 — NHj). Ammonia is a common source of fertilizers as (1) anhydrous ammonia directly injected into the soil and (2) ammonium salts such as ammonium nitrate or ammoninm snlfate. Ammoninm fertilizer applied to upland or aerobic soils is rapidly oxidized to nitrate. Intensive nse of these fertilizers and excessive rainfall or irrigation have resulted in elevated levels of nitrate in gronndwaters. 

Nitrite (NO ) It is a relatively short-lived form of nitrogen. It is converted to nitrate by microorganisms. It is readily soluble in water and highly mobile in soil. Nitrite is rapidly oxidized to nitrate in aerobic environments or reduced to nitrous oxide in anaerobic soil environments. 

Nitrate (NOj) Nitrate is readily soluble in water and highly mobile in soils. Together with ammonium, it is the nitrogen form used by plants, microbes, and other biota as a nutrient. 

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The primary function of this section is to organize data to faalitate NMR structure elucidation of organofluonne compounds Selectively fluonnated aliphatics are emphasized, whereas fluonnated aromatics are covered m less detail Inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon, and sulfur fluondes are not included, although compounds containing these and other heteroatoms attached to CF3 are the focus of multmuclear data presented later (see Table 16)... 

M. Becke-Goehring and E. Flock, Chap. 3 in C. B. Colburn (ed.), Developments in Inorganic Nitrogen Chemistry, Vol. 1, pp. 150-240, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1966. 

Animals, including humans, cannot synthesise all the different amino adds they need and thus require them in their diet. These amino adds are called the essential amino acids. Proteins in food are hydrolysed in the digestive tract and the resulting amino acids are reassembled into proteins within the animal s cells. All animals are ultimately dependent on plants for protein, as it is plants that create protein by combining inorganic nitrogen from the soil (as nitrate) with organic molecules derived from carbon from the atmosphere (as CO2). 

Many microorganisms can synthesise amino acids from inorganic nitrogen compounds. The rate and amount of some amino acids may exceed the cells need for protein synthesis, where the excess amino acids are excreted into the media. Some microorganisms are capable of producing certain amino acids such as lysine, glutamic acid and tryptophan. 

Fig. 2 Longitudinal changes in nutrient concentrations below the effluent input of a WWTP without tertiary treatment in La Tordera Stream. Values are the average ( SEM) of monthly measurements done over a year (see more details in [47]). In the left panel, note the net decline of ammonium concentration with concomitant net increases in nitrate concentration, suggesting a potential hot spot for nitriflcation. However, in the latest meters downstream, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) tends to decrease, which indicates net lost of DIN possibly due to denitrification. The right panel shows net changes in phosphate and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. While phosphate does not exhibit any clear trend on an annual basis, DOC seems to decline similarly to DIN, which supports the relative dominance of denitrification...

Camargo JA, Alonso A (2006) Ecological and toxicological effects of inorganic nitrogen pollution in aquatic ecosystems a global assessment. Environ Int 32 831-849... 

H. Bothe, A. Trebst (Eds), Biology of Inorganic Nitrogen and Sulfur, Springer, Berlin, 1981. 

Plants take up inorganic nitrogen, either as atmospheric Nj, through symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes such as pulses, some shrubs and trees. 

Metal complexes as inorganic nitrogen-fixing systems Fixation of molecular nitrogen and ammonia synthesis Complexes of dinitrogen... 

M, Clarholm, Dynamics of Soil Bacteria in Relation to Plants, Protozoa and Inorganic Nitrogen, Report No. 17, Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala (1983). 

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