Applying corrosion inhibitors

Application of Corrosion Inhibitors. There are basically two main techniques used to apply corrosion inhibitors in drilling operations. In the first method inhibitors are added to the drilling fluid system either by mixing the additives through the rig s chemical hopper or through additions into the mud pit. The treatment can be achieved in two ways, batch treatment or continuous treatment. In some cases it may be necessary to use both types of treatment simultaneously. The second technique of applying is directly coating the corrosion inhibitors on the drillpipe. 

Chemical contamination - anything that inhibits or promotes the anodic or cathodic reactions on the steel surface can distort interpretation of potential measurements. This may include surface applied corrosion inhibitors. 

Definition Complex mixture of esters of phosphoric acid and oleth-20 Properties Anionic Toxicology TSCA listed Uses Surfactant for cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and industrial applies. corrosion inhibitor... 

One of the maj or ways of protecting oil and gas production and operating systems against corrosion is by applying corrosion inhibitors. The corrosion inhibitors are evaluated in order to determine if the corrosion preventive measures applied are necessary, and if the required lifetime can be achieved with a particular inhibitor, as the effective life of corrosion inhibitors varies with the quantity of water intrusion. The purpose of this chapter is to evaluate the on-line monitoring of corrosion and corrosion inhibitor effectiveness under different conditions. 

A.I. Altsybeeva, V.V. Burlov, T.M. Kuzinova 2003. Applying corrosion inhibitors to metal surfaces in electrostatic field, Zashchita Metallov 39 (2), 217-218. 

Uses Surfactant for oil-sol. applies. corrosion Inhibitor, demulsifier in hydraulic fluids corrosion Inhibitor for metalworking fluids, sol. oils, semisynthetics Features Generates low foam levels... 

Uses Dispersant, sequestrant for industrial cleaners, boiler water treatments, cooling towers, micronutrients metal cleaning component for industrial cleaning applies. corrosion inhibitor... 

Uses Surfactant, emulsifier for industrial cleaners and detergents, agric., petrol, applies. corrosion inhibitor for acid bowl cleaners, pickling systems salts as anti-stat, water displacer... 

Uses Surfactant emulsifier for use in syn. coolants, sol. oils, drawing compds., etc, lubricant used in aq, applies. corrosion inhibitor Regulatory DOT nonregulated... 

Uses Lubricant for size press or calender stack applies. corrosion Inhibitor for steel rolls prevents sticking, picking, and blocking of surf, sizing formulations release agent for Yankee dryers reduces coeff. of friction (static and dynamic) on all paper and board component of paper/paperboard In contact with dry foods defoamer In food-contact paper/paperboard Features Forms stable emulsions compat. with all types of starch for use at neutral to alkaline pH at temps, below 165 F... 

Uses Surfactant for cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and industrial applies. corrosion inhibitor... 

Primers are required to be resistant to all of the same fluids and environments as the adhesive, and are in addition expected to be compatible with secondary finishes such as corrosion and fluid resistant primers applied to cured bond assemblies. The most commonly used primers for 250°F cured epoxy adhesives also have active corrosion inhibitors themselves to combat corrosion at bondlines. This last requirement is somewhat dated, evolving from the severe corrosion and delamination problems experienced before U.S. airframe manufacturers adopted durable surface treatments. 

Direct Treatment. Although batch and continuous treatment are both quite effective, there is a problem with inhibitor waste. When corrosion inhibitors contact the circulating drilling fluid, they are likely to coat the solids in the fluid system (cuttings or other solids). By applying the corrosion inhibitor directly to drillstem components before they are run in the hole, the corrosion inhibitor is the first thing that contacts the exposed metal surface. There are two methods for this type of corrosion inhibitor treatment. 

Another mineral constituent of water is silica, present both as a colloidal suspension and dissolved in the form of silicates. The concentration varies very widely and, as silicates are sometimes applied as corrosion inhibitors, it might be thought that the silica content would affect the corrosive properties of a water. In general, the effect appears to be trivial the fact that silicate inhibitors are used in waters with a high initial silica content suggests that the form in which silica is present is important. 

For an adequate barrier against moisture, sufficient thickness of paint must be applied. The modern trend is to apply high-build coatings based on media having high intrinsic water resistance. Such paints may be pigmented with corrosion inhibitors or minerals which impede the flow of moisture through the film. 

METALWORKING FLUID Eluid applied to a tool and workpiece to cool, lubricate, carry away particles of waste and provide corrosion protection. Generally comprising neat mineral oils, or water-based materials, or a mixture of the two. Eluids may also contain emulsifiers, stabilizers, biocides, corrosion inhibitors, fragrances and extreme pressure additives. 

Conventional scale inhibitors are hydrophilic, that is, they dissolve in water. In the case of down-hole squeezing, it is desirable that the scale inhibitor is adsorbed on the rock to avoid washing out the chemical before it can act as desired. However, adsorption on the rock may change the surface tension and the wettability of the system. To overcome these disadvantages, oil-soluble scale inhibitors have been developed. Coated inhibitors are also available. Often, scale inhibitors are not applied as such, but rather in combination with corrosion inhibitors. 

There have been some examples of the use of LDMS applied to the analysis of compounds separated via TLC, although not specifically dealing with polymer additives [852]. Dewey and Finney [838] have described direct TLC-spectroscopy and TLC-LMMS as applied to the analysis of lubricating oil additives (phenolic and amine antioxidants, detergents, dispersants, viscosity index improvers, corrosion inhibitors and metal deactivators). Also a series of general organics and ionic surfactants were analysed by means of direct normal-phase HPTLC-LMMS [837]. Novak and Hercules [858] have... 

Fourier transform infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (FT-IFRAS) is applied to the study of corrosion protection of copper by an organic coating. Poly-N-vinyliroidazole (PVI(D) and poly-4(5)-vinylimidazole (PVI(4)) are demonstrated to be effective new polymeric anti-corrosion agents for copper at elevated temperatures. Oxidation of copper is suppressed even at 400° C. PVI(1) and PVI(4) are more effective anti-oxidants than the most commonly used corrosion inhibitors, benzotriazole and undecyllmldazole, at elevated temperatures. These new polymeric agents are water soluble and easy to treat the metal surface. 

Liquid crystal polymers having 1,3-dithiane or 1,3-oxathiane rings as mesogenic side groups exhibit the extremely important liquid crystal phase at around room temperature <1999MI335>. 1,3-Oxathianes have also been applied as perfumery and flavoring ingredients other derivatives exhibit excellent herbicidal activity and 1,3-oxathiane derivatives have been employed as corrosion inhibitors for steel. 

Care should be taken when using a corrosion inhibitor in an existing system which has not received corrosion inhibitor treatment in the past or in any system containing rust. When applied, a filming inhibitor will loosen and remove existing rust. The rust will travel with the fuel and accumulate on filters or in areas of low turbulence within a fuel system. New metal surfaces will be exposed upon removal of the rust and can further corrode if not protected. 

Gun-Barrel Corrosion Inhibitor. A mixt of mineral oil 0.3, kerosene 0.15, and colloidal graphite 1 kg when applied to small shot, checks the corrosive action of Gunpowder on gun barrels... 

Several CDs applications have been discussed in Chapter 6. Their lack of toxicity forms the basis for their applications in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and food industries as well as in toiletry and cosmetics [lb, lc]. They are also used or have been proposed to be applied, as sensitizers and stabilizers of dyes in photography, for impregnating paper, as fluorescent and other sensors [28], as corrosion inhibitors and rust proofing materials, UV stabilizers and antioxidants. One of the most spectacular is the prospective use of CDs as biodegradable plastics [29]. The complex of nitroglycerine with p-CDmarketed in Japan was mentioned in Chapter 1 while some other CDs applications have been presented in Chapter 6. 

Lower aliphatic amines are widely used as intermediates for the synthesis of herbicides, insecticides and drugs or can be applied as rubber accelerators, corrosion inhibitors, surface active agents etc. [l]. The most widespread method for the preparation of lower aliphatic amines involves the reaction of ammonia with an alcohol or a carbonyl compound in the presence of hydrogen. The most common catalysts used for reductive amination of alcohols, aldehydes and ketones contain nickel, platinum, palladium or copper as active component [ I — 3 ]. One of the most important issues in the reductive amination is the selectivity control as the product distribution, i.e. the ratio of primary to secondary or tertiary amines, is strongly affected by thermodynamics. 

Organic primers formulated with corrosion inhibitors are typically applied to pretreated metal surfaces to protect the surfaces prior to adhesive bonding and during environmental exposure. Pike [7-11] found that inorganic primers, such as sec-butyl aluminum alkoxide, improved the durability of aluminum-epoxy bonds when applied to both porous and nonporous aluminum oxide surfaces. It was shown that the effective thickness of the inorganic primer was directly related to the degree of oxide porosity and the depth of the porous oxide layer resulting from the normally used pretreatments for aluminum [10,11]. 

We can define pretreatment as the initial conditioning period whereby a corrosion inhibitor is applied to the metal surfaces of the cooling system. Pretreatment conditions must be conducive to the rapid formation of the protective barrier. The conditioning procedure should involve (1) the cleaning and preparation of metal surfaces, and (2) the actual application of higher than normal inhibitor concentrations. 

Petroleum facilities may accidentally release significant quantities of arsenic into soils, sediments, and waters. Soils surrounding a crude oil storage facility in Los Angeles, California, USA, normally contain <0.5-8.0mg kg-1. However, the soils were contaminated with 30-2300mg kg-1 of arsenic. Most of the arsenic probably originated from corrosion inhibitors that were used in production wells and possibly also from arsenic-bearing biocides that were applied to tanks (Wellman, Reid and Ulery, 1999). 

Corrosion control. Generally corrosion inhibitors, cathodic protection, anodic protection, and coatings are used for this purpose or combination of them. However, cathodic protection is the only method that avoids corrosion completely if the system is not sensitive to hydrogen embrittlement or alkaline medium. Anodic protection is a recent approach when the metal can be passivated in the corrosive solution. In this technique, a current can be applied using a potentiostat, which can set and control the potential at a value greater than the passive potential Ep or below the pitting potential Ep]l for environments containing corrosive species such as chlorides, bromides, etc. 

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