Anti-microbial treatment

New Anti-Microbial Treatment of Purulent-Inflammatory Lung Diseases in Patients Supported by Long-Term Artificial Ventilation of Lungs... 

Keywords Anti-microbial treatment Intensive care Nebuliser therapy... 

The Lexicon fur Textilveredlung (Rouette, 1995) distinguishes the following types of anti-microbial treatments ... 

Creosote and chromated copper arsenate (CCA) have been widely used as preservatives for antibacterial treatment of wood. In spite of their excellence in this property, they have some drawbacks in toxicity. Therefore, less toxic and environmentally-benign chemicals are expected to be used. Quaternary alkylammonium salts are, thus, one of the candidates for the anti-microbial treatment of wood. In this study of wood-inorganic composites, trimethoxysilylpropyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride (TMSAC), shown below, was used as a property enhancer to add an anti-bacterial property to wood (Tanno, 1997). 

Alkaloids such as berberine are known to be anti-microbial. They inhibit estarases as well as DNA and RNA polymerases. Moreover, berberine inhibits cellular respiration and acts in DNA intercalation. As a strong anti-microbial agent, berberine may be used in the treatment of AIDS, as it inhibits HIV-I reverse transcriptase. Berberine also has uses in the treatment of infections, specifically eye infections and hepatitis. 

Traditionally, treatment of CGD entailed prophylactic administration of anti-microbial agents in an attempt to prevent occurrence of severe infection. However, alfected individuals still experience life-threatening infections, requiring hospitalization and intensive medical care, as often as once a year. Attempts to control these infections rely on strong anti-microbial agents and leukocyte transfusions. 

Isosteres (i.e. molecules of the same shape but with different atom combinations) of purines are also important as medicines allopurinol is used to treat gout and Sildenafil achieved international fame, under the trade name Viagra, for the treatment of impotence. Some natural products can be viewed as purine isosteres oxanosine and tubercidin, both obtained from Streptomyces, have anti-microbial and anti-cancer activity. 

From about 1913 to 1927 marked a period of intense searching for Au+ compounds of lower toxicity. Until the 1930s, Au" salt therapy was extended to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus because of the (mistaken) belief that these diseases were atypical forms of TB. Some Au+ complexes have anti-microbial and anti-fungal activity. 

The composted soil bed composed of variety of microbes (e.g., bacteria and fungi) can be employed in soil burial test. The microbial attack of cellulolytic microflora in a composted soil bed is considered to be the most rigorous and practical means for the evaluation of anti-deterioration treatments. The treated and untreated fabric strips are buried and exposed to the microbial... 

Nitroimidazoles were then found to have excellent anti-microbial properties. For example, tinidazole (6.16) is valued for the prophylaxis of anaerobic bacteria] infection of the bowel, before operation, particularly with species of Bacteroides, also for the treatment of such infections (Hunt et al., 1979). It is also effective in the protozoal diseases, amoebiasis, giardiasis, and trichomoniasis. For the anti-protozoaI action ofnitro-heterocycles, see Section 6.3.3. 

Chloro-7-desoxylincomycin (clindeunycin) is well suited for anti-infectious treatment of infants and children . 7-Deoxy-7(R)- and -7 S)-thio-lincomycin possessed slight antibacterial activity . Microbial transformation of clindamycin produced clindamycin sulfoxide which had one fourth of the antibacterial activity of the parent antibiotic against lutea . ... 

Demonstrates anti-microbial activity for dandruff removal shampoos and medicated treatments. 

Cationic surfactants. Cationic surfactants are known for their anti-microbial efficacy. However, depending on their structure, due to only moderate skin compatibility, and in some cases poor foaming properties, they are rarely used as the main cleaning agent in skin and hair cleansing products. Nevertheless, they are often used in low concentrations in hair conditioners and treatment preparations. They are also used in shampoos, to... 

Applications for the anti-microbial properties on fabrics are diverse. Coating treatment with anti-bacterial chemical is referred as the mainstream of the antibacterial finishing. Due to the relatively low durability of surface treatments, coating of the surfaces is not the most desirable treatment. Other anti-microbials are more toxic or less effective than the halamines under investigation in laboratories. 

From about 2000 years ago, traditional Chinese medicine used different parts of plants belonging to Cornus genus for treatment of various diseases such as kidney and gastrointestinal disorders, diabetes, uterine bleeding and bladder incontinence. The fruits and the bark of Cornus species have been widely used for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, anti-bacterial, anti-histamine, anti-allergic, anti-microbial, anti-parasitic, tonic, febrifuge and vulnerary properties as well as for their inhibitory effect on tumor cell proliferation. 

The genus Curcuma includes some 30 species, native to India and the southeast of Asia. An extract is produced from the rhizomes, whose main components are curcumin and its derivatives. This extract has well-known anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, wound healing, anti-microbial and tyrosinase inhibitory properties. Its versatility makes it suitable for a number of cosmetic formulations on the basis of its anti-ageing, photo-protective, sensitive skin treatment, skin whitening, antiseptic and insect-repellent properties (Srimal, 1997). 

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