Artificial ventilation

Ambient Temperature. Ambient temperature is the temperature of the surrounding cooling medium, such as gas of liquid, which comes into contact with the heated parts of the apparatus. Note Ambient temperature is commonly known as room temperature in connection with air-cooled apparatus not provided with artificial ventilation. 

Promoting an Optimal Response to Therapy Depending on die patient s condition, die nurse may use cardiac monitoring, artificial ventilation (respirator), and odier drag s during and after the administration of naloxone It is important to keep suction equipment readily available because abrupt reversal of narcotic depression may cause vomiting. The nurse must maintain a patent airway and should suction die patient as needed. 

BARBITURATES. The barbiturate phenobarbital (Luminal) is commonly used to treat convulsive disorders. When administering the barbiturates by the intravenous (IV) route, it is important not to exceed a rate of 60 mg/min and to administer the drug within 30 minutes of preparation. The nurse monitors the patient carefully during administration of a barbiturate. The blood pressure and respirations are taken frequently. Resuscitation equipment and artificial ventilation equipment are kept nearby. 

If competent to do so, give artificial ventilation. Otherwise send for help without delay Start cardiac compressions Stop bleeding... 

Measurements reported herein were made in a first-floor laboratory room in a two-story classroom building having concrete floors and walls. Windows were not open and no artificial ventilation was used during the period of study. 

Cardiopulmonary arrest is the abrupt cessation of spontaneous and effective ventilation and circulation after a cardiac or respiratory event. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) provides artificial ventilation and circulation until it is possible to provide advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) and reestablish spontaneous circulation. 

Biotinylated VIP analogue linked to OX26-Av 12 pg kg 1 Intracarotid infusion Rat artificial ventilation under nitrous oxide anesthesia Increase in CBF... 

Toxicity is found to be low and related only to the neuromuscular blocking effects. Provided that artificial ventilation is available. 10,000 times the normal effective dose evinces no acute toxicity in anaesthetized cats for up to two hours after injection.asusual. species vary in susceptibility to toxic effects. As might be expected of a higlily-charged cation, absorption from the gut is poor. No hormonal effects have been detected. 

Total moderate dose 2 to 20 meg/kg. In addition to adequate analgesia, some abolition of the stress response should occur. Respiratory depression necessitates artificial ventilation and careful observation of postoperative ventilation. 

Refractory status epilepticus that has failed to respond to one of these treatments, and has continued for more than 20-30 min, requires urgent action. The accepted strategy is to paralyze and ventilate the patient and administer an antiepileptic drug in sufficient dosage to suppress EEG evidence of seizure activity. The barbiturate anaesthetic thiopental (thiopentone), the benzodiazepine midazolam, and the anaesthetic propofol have all been used. What little comparative evidence there is remains inconclusive. Such treatment can only be carried out with facilities for artificial ventilation and intensive care, and effects can only be monitored by EEG recording. 

Rats poisoned by subcutaneous injection of VX at twice the LD50 were kept alive for 20 min with artificial ventilation of the lungs when necessary.At 20 min after the dose of VX, some rats were given intraperitoneal injections of either atropine sulfate (7 mg/kg) or atropine sulfate plus 2-PAM I (17.5 mg/kg). Untreated rats were killed 20 min after injection of VX samples of parotid gland, gastrocnemius muscle, and brain were collected for examination for cholinesterase activity. The treated rats were killed 3 h after treatment. Organ samples were collected and analyzed for cholinesterase activity. Reactivation of cholinesterase was calculated as 100 times the ratio of the difference between cholinesterase activities 3 h after therapy and 20 min after VX to the difference between cholinesterase activities in unpoisoned rats and in poisoned rats 20 min after VX it is shown in Table 3 for the two modes of therapy. 

New Anti-Microbial Treatment of Purulent-Inflammatory Lung Diseases in Patients Supported by Long-Term Artificial Ventilation of Lungs... 

Levels of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ranging from < 1 to 4100 tg/mL [mg/L] in the condensate from water traps of six respirators have been reported. Estimation of the inhalatory di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure to five artificially ventilated preterm infants over a 24-h period yielded values ranging between 1 ig/h and 4200 tg/h. Di(2-... 

Various CNS adverse effects have been reported with CBZ and include sedation, dizziness, ataxia/clumsiness, blurred vision/diplopia, and impaired task performance. Although uncommon, fatal CBZ toxicity does occur. CBZ overdose is characterized by neurological symptoms such as diplopia, dysarthria, ataxia, vertigo, nystagmus, and coma. Infrequently, cyclic coma with biphasic fluctuations of consciousness, seizures, respiratory depression, cardiac conduction defects, and the need for artificial ventilation may occur. Plasma levels are only moderately correlated to severity, but as noted earlier, more than 15 pg/ml in children or 20 pg/ml in adults should be considered serious. Charcoal hemoperfusion or gastric lavage with activated charcoal has been used in such cases, whereas benefit from plasmapheresis is controversial (77, 114, 368). 

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) (EMS) Opening and maintaining an airway, providing artificial ventilation, and providing artificial circulation by means of external cardiac compression as defined by the American Health Association. 

If exposure is via inhalation, the exposed individual should be moved to fresh air and efforts should be directed toward the maintenance of an open airway, airway suctioning, endotracheal intubation. Artificial ventilation with supplemental oxygen may be helpful. 

Organotin Compounds. Respiratory depression requiring artificial ventilation occurred in three of six chemical workers. The exposure duration was a total of 1.5 hours over a 3-day working period to a mixture containing half dimethyltin and half trimethyltin chloride (Rey et al. 1984). Although the two surviving workers, who were the most severely affected, developed permanent neurological disabilities, respiratory problems did not persist. 

It is known that 02 is potentially toxic as was evident in premature infants where it caused retrolental fibroplasia (2) or in artificial ventilation where it caused pulmonary lesions (3) because of the formation of ROS. 

Nash G, Blennerhasset JB, Pontoppidan H. Pulmonary lesions associated with oxygen therapy and artificial ventilation. N Engl J Med 1967 276 368-374. 

Conventional treatment of raised ICP in this condition consists of artificial ventilation, osmotherapy, and barbiturate administration. The value and duration of these measures has come under scrutiny. Prolonged hyperventilation has been discouraged, as the potential decrease in cerebral arterial blood flow resulting from additional hypocarbia might exacerbate tissue ischemia (34). Early use of agents such as glycerol or mannitol, at least in theory, may actually hasten tissue shifts and therefore lead to an aggravation of brain edema (35). Barbiturate therapy has to date failed to prove to be of therapeutic benefit in the treatment of postischemic brain edema (36). 

Templer (1992) reviewed the question of ECT and permanent brain damage. In regard to animal studies, he focused on Hartelius (1952) and also pointed out that animals given artificial ventilation (modified ECT) in other studies also had brain damage of somewhat lesser magnitude. ... 

Meldrum, B. S., Vigouroux, R. A., Brierley, J. B. (1973). Systematic factors and epileptic brain damage Prolonged seizures in paralyzed, artificially ventilated baboons. Archives of Neurology, 29, 82-87. 

Part 16 Artificial ventilation for the protection of analyser(s) houses... 

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