Bladder incontinence

Traditional use Seeds are used to prevent stomach aches and to eliminate spleen tumors. An infusion of the fruits in vinegar is used as a hemostatic to stop nose bleeds. Roasted fruits are recommended as a diuretic (Khahnatov 1964). The fruits are taken to increase appetite, and to treat kidney stones and liver diseases. A decoction and infusion is used as a diaphoretic and vermifuge, as well as to improve digestion. Roasted fruits are used to treat bladder incontinence and obesity. The fresh tubers are used to improve digestion (Khodzhimatov 1989). 

Disposable adult diapers are great for total bowel and bladder incontinence, very heavy bladder incontinence, and/or bedwetting. They are put on and taken off using either hook-and-loop or adhesive tabs at the sides. While they can be used for any... 

From about 2000 years ago, traditional Chinese medicine used different parts of plants belonging to Cornus genus for treatment of various diseases such as kidney and gastrointestinal disorders, diabetes, uterine bleeding and bladder incontinence. The fruits and the bark of Cornus species have been widely used for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, anti-bacterial, anti-histamine, anti-allergic, anti-microbial, anti-parasitic, tonic, febrifuge and vulnerary properties as well as for their inhibitory effect on tumor cell proliferation. 

Two types of urinary tract symptoms are commonly seen in MS incomplete bladder emptying and incontinence. Incomplete bladder emptying is due to dyscoordination of the external urethral sphincter and detrusor activity.14 Most patients who develop this condition require intermittent or permanent uri-I nary catheterization.14 Incontinence in most MS patients is... 

Patients may or may not be in acute distress. In early stages of disease, the patient may complain of obstructive voiding symptoms. If untreated, in late stages of disease the patient may complain of irritative voiding symptoms, or acute urinary retention, which is painful due to maximal distention of the urinary bladder. Also, the patient may be symptomatic of disease complications, including urosepsis, pyelonephritis, cystitis, or overflow urinary incontinence. 

Upper and lower urinary tract infection, urosepsis, urinary incontinence refractory urinary retentions chronic, renal failure, bladder diverticuli, bladder stones, or recurrent gross hematuria. 

In overflow urinary incontinence due to atonic bladder, a trial of bethanecol maybe reasonable if contraindications do not exist. 

Urinary incontinence can result from abnormalities within (intrinsic to) and outside of (extrinsic to) the urinary tract. Within the urinary tract, abnormalities may occur in the urethra (including the bladder outlet and urinary sphincters), the bladder, or a combination of both structures. Focusing on abnormalities in these two structures, a simple classification scheme emerges for all but the rarest intrinsic causes of UI. Accurate diagnosis and classification of UI type is critical to the selection of appropriate drug therapy. 

Overflow Urinary Incontinence (OUI) (Urethral Overactivity and/or Bladder Underactivity)4... 

I Clinical Presentation of Urinary Incontinence Related to Bladder Overactivity4 ... 

Bladder Fundus Sphincter Contraction Relaxation Urination Urinary incontinence... 

Bladder overactivity is known as urge UI (UUI) and is associated with increased urinary frequency and urgency, with or without urge incontinence. The detrusor muscle is overactive and contracts inappropriately during the filling phase. 

Urethral overactivity and/or bladder underactivity is known as overflow incontinence. The bladder is filled to capacity but is unable to empty, causing urine to leak from a distended bladder past a normal outlet and sphincter. Common causes of urethral overactivity include benign prostatic hyperplasia (see Chap. 82) prostate cancer (see Chap. 65) and, in women, cystocele formation or surgical overcorrection after UI surgery. 

Mixed incontinence includes the combination of bladder overactivity and urethral underactivity. 

Functional incontinence is not caused by bladder- or urethra-specific factors but rather occurs in patients with conditions such as cognitive or mobility deficits. 

Nelson There are also studies indicating that the K ATP channel openers are useful in certain types of incontinence. This is also working on the bladder smooth muscle. 

Among elderly women as much as 80% suffer from involuntary voiding of the bladder, urinary incontinence (UI). In the United States approximately 12.5 million people are affected by incontinence and a European study showed a prevalence of between 12% and 22% in all ages and an increase to 30-40% in ages over 75 years (Hampel et al. 1997). Women experience UI twice as often as men. Incontinence becomes more common in old age, with existing co-morbidity of all kinds and life styles (Box 5.5). There are different forms of urinary incontinence and they differ in cause and treatment. This problem causes not only personal distress but also a considerable cost for society as a whole (Jackson 1997). Lower quality of life is often reported in people with UI and the risk increases by the withdrawal from social interaction and participation in sports and other activities. An estimated cost for the care of patients with UI in the United States was approximately 26 billion dollars in year 1995 (Wagner and Hu 1998). Other studies have come up with a calculated cost that represents two percent of the total national health budget. 

Payne CK (1998) Epidemiology, pathophysiology and evaluation of urinary incontinence and over-active bladder. Urology 51 3-10... 

Identifying delirium quickly can save your patient s life. Its treatment requires identifying the underlying cause and eliminating it. One important point to remember is that patients with dementia can also become delirious. The most common scenario is a patient with moderate dementia who is incontinent of urine and wears a protective undergarment. If such a patient rapidly deteriorates, it is probably not due to the dementia. Instead, this patient likely has a bladder infection that is superimposing a delirium on the dementia. By treating the bladder infection with antibiotics, the patient can quickly return to their baseline state. 

Bladder instability/Overactive bladder For the relief of symptoms of bladder instability/treatment of overactive bladder associated with voiding in patients with uninhibited and reflex neurogenic bladder (eg, urgency, freguency, urinary leakage, urge incontinence, dysuria). 

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