Anti-implantation effect

Anti-implantation effect. A powdered mixture of Ferula assafoetida, Piper hngum, Embelbribes, and borax, administered orally to female adults, was active. Biological activity reported has been patented " . Anti-inflammatory effect. Ethanol (95%) extract of the resin, administered orally to two groups of 50 patients with irritable colon, was active. Results were significant atp < 0.001 level " . 

Anti-implantation effect. Chloroform extracts of the dried leaf, twig, and stem, administered intragastrically to pregnant rats at a dose of 0.58 g/kg for 10 days, were active. The phenolic fraction, at a dose of 0.52 g/kg and methanol extract at a dose of 0.70 g/kg, were active. Water extract, at a dose of 1 g/kg and petroleum ether extract at a dose of 0.38 g/kg, were inactive Anti-tumor activity. Water extract of the dried root, administered intraperitoneally to mice at a dose of 400 mg/kg, was inactive on Leuk (friend virus-solid) and Leuk-L1210. A dose of 500 mg/kg was inactive on sarcoma 180(ASC) - . 

Anti-implantation effect. Ethanol (50%) extract of the dried leaf, administered intragastrically to hamsters at a dose of 100 mg/kg, was active ° 5 Anti-inflammatory effect. EAM, administrated orally to rats, produced anti-inflammatory activity in the cotton pellet granuloma assay and in the carrageenin-induced pleurisy test. The effect was also produced in the peritoneal capillary permeability test in mice °° . 

No effects on spermatogenesis were observed in male rats orally administered 100 mg/kg daily of an ethanol extract of neem leaf for 21 days. In untreated females mated with treated males, anti-implantation effects were observed (Choudhary et al. 1990). 

In rats orally administered 2 or 4.5 g/kg of wild carrot powder on days 1 to 10 of pregnancy, no anti-implantation effect was observed (Lai et al. 1986). 

In rats orally administered 250 or 500 mg/kg of an aqueous extract of jasmine daily, a dose-dependent anti-implantation effect was observed, although neither dose produced complete infertility. A decrease in serum progesterone levels was observed on day 5 of pregnancy. No abortifacient activity was observed in rats administered the extract on days 8 to 20 of pregnancy, and no abnormalities were observed in offspring (Iqbal et al. 1993). 

In animal studies, no adverse effects of coriander fruit or oil on fetal development have been observed (Al-Said et al. 1987 Burdock and Carabin 2009 Vollmuth et al. 1990), although one study showed anti-implantation activity of a water extract of coriander fruit (Al-Said et al. 1987). The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of the oil for pregnant animals was estimated as 250 mg/kg daily and the NOAEL for fetuses was 500 mg/kg daily (Burdock and Carabin 2009 Vollmuth et al. 1990). 

An animal study indicated that large doses of jasmine had some anti-implantation activity but no adverse effects on developing fetuses (Iqbal et al. 1993). 

An animal study suggested some anti-implantation activity of anise, but no adverse effects on fetal development (Dhar 1995). 

Some effects on development were observed in the fetuses of rats administered high doses (2 g/kg) of pinellia during pregnancy (Shin et al. 2007). The compound pinel-lin has demonstrated anti-implantation activity in rabbits (dose unspecified in available translation) (Chen et al. 1984). 

In an anti-implantation study, no adverse effects were observed in rats orally administered 250 mg/kg aqueous or ethanolic extracts of sage on postcoital days 1 to 10 (Kamboj and Dhawan 1982). 

Fnrthermore, NCD has also demonstrated a promise for reducing bacterial infection, which is highly desired for orthopedic implant materials because invasive surgery is inevitably associated with infection. A preliminary study compared the number of Escherichia coli colonized on NCD, stainless steel and titanium, and showed that NCD has the highest bacterial resistance [119]. This possible anti-infection effect is highly desirable for orthopedic implants and, thus, should be further studied. 

Antifertility and ahortifacient activities have been reported for the extract in pregnant mice and rats and chalepensin has been shown to have (anti-implantation) antifertility effects in rats/ Rue oil has been reported to cause abortion in pregnant guinea pigs and in pregnant women. The antiandrogenic activity of the extract was also exhibited in male rats. ... 

A pyrazoloandrostane derivative (20) has anti-implantation activity, and 2a-amlnodihydrotestosterone has moderate anti-uterotrophic activity. Papers continue to appear on the antl-fertl1Ity activity of a variety of triarylethylene derivatives.87-90 Extension of the post-coital antifertility effect of the methyl ester of dl-cis-bisdehydrodoisynotic acid (21) in monkeys to studies in humans would be of considerable interest. ... 

The hormones probably decrease the magnitude of the midcycle LH surge and, therefore, effectively prevent ovulation. The anti-progesterone drug delays endometrial maturation so that implantation does not take place. It may be effective up to five days after intercourse, since implantation occurs seven days after ovulation. 

It should be noted, however, that mechanisms of action of most anti-angiogenic compounds are not well understood at present. For example, trombospondrn-1 (TSP-1) is able to inhibit tumour-associated angiogenesis, but when TSP-1 pellets were implanted into the ankles of AIA rats, it enhanced joint swelling and body weight loss in a dose- and time-dependent manner. These, possibly indirect, effects may be due to the involvement of TSP-1 in cell adhesion, as well as to its interactions with other adhesion molecules and inflammatory mediators [125]. 

Abstract Two thirds of the nearly half a million deaths per year in the United States due to sudden cardiac death (SCD) is attributed to coronary artery disease (CAD) and most commonly results from untreated ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and left ventricular dysfunction are at highest risk for SCD, but this still defines only a small subset of patients who will suffer SCD. Multiple lines of evidence now support the superiority of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy over antiarrhythmic therapy for both primary and secondary prevention of SCD in advanced ischemic heart disease. Optimization of ICD therapy in advanced ischemic cardiomyopathy includes preventing right ventricular pacing as well as the use of highly effective anti-tachycardia pacing to reduce the number of shocks. While expensive, ICD therapy has been shown to compare favorably to the accepted standard of hemodialysis in cost effectiveness analyses. 

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