Antifertility effects

Harazono, A., M. Ema, and Y. Ogawa. 1998. Evaluation of early embryonic loss induced by tributyltin chloride in rats phase- and dose-dependent antifertility effects. Arch, Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 34 94-99. 

Edwards K, Jackson H, Jones Ar. 1970. Studies with alkylating esters-ll A chemical interpretation through metabolic studies of the antifertility effects of ethylene dimethanesulphonate and ethylene dibromide. Biochem Pharmacol 19 1783-1789. 

The concept of torsional asymmetry is not jnst an interesting abstract idea. Some years ago, fertility in some Chinese rnral commnnities was found to be below normal levels, and this was traced back to the presence of gossypol in dietary cottonseed oil. Gossypol acts as a male contraceptive, altering sperm matnration, spermatozoid motility, and inactivation of sperm enzymes necessary for fertilization. Extensive trials in China have shown the antifertility effect is reversible after stopping the treatment, and it has potential, therefore, as a contraceptive for men. 

The male rat has a large reserve of spermatozoa and it is difficult to detect antifertility effects by using pregnancy as an endpoint. This is because the ejaculate in rats contains over 1000-fold the number of sperm that will produce maximum fertility, in man the multiple is only 2-A times and some studies have suggested that in certain Western populations, average human sperm counts appear to have declined over the past 50 years.The rat s testes are also relatively about 40 times the size of man s, if antifertility effects are observed, it can be helpful to measure various sperm parameters (seminology) to help characterise effects. 

The routine developmental toxicity study for vaccines includes dosing of the females before mating and may thus be capable of detecting antifertility effects in the female. There are no requirements to assess effects on male fertility. 

Anti-estrogenic effect. Ethanol (95%) extract of the dried aerial parts, administered intragastric to rats at variable doses was inactive . Petroleum ether extract of the dried leaf, administered intraperitoneally to female rats at a dose equivalent to 10 mg/kg tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on 11-21 days of age, was active . Antifertility effect. Petroleum ether extract of the entire plant, administered by gastric intubation to female mice at doses of 75 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg, was active. A dose of 3 mg/kg, produced weak activity ". Resin, administered by gastric intubation to male mice at variable dosage levels, was inactive . ... 

Antifertility effect. Decoction of the dried seed, administered orally to female adults at a dose of 0.96 L/day, was active. Coffee intake delayed the time to conception and increased relative risk of failure to con-ceive k Decoction of the dried seed. 

DC044 Garg, S. K. Antifertility effect of oil from few indigenous plants on female albino rats. Planta Med 1974 26 391-393. 

Lai, R., M. Gandhi, A. Sankaranara-yanan, V. S. Mathur, and P. L. Pharma. Antifertility effect of Daucus carota seeds in female albino rats. Fitoterapia... 

The main use of progestins is based on their antifertility effect. Since progesterone is poorly absorbed, it cannot be given orally furthermore, it is not particularly potent and has an unacceptably short serum half-life of about 5 minutes. In early work, ethis-terone (5.39), an acetylenic compound prepared from androsterone, was an orally active progestin, but also had male hormone action. In subsequent work, a large number of... 

Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. Lei Gong Teng (Yellow vine) (root) Tripchilorolide, celastrol, triptein, wilfordine, triptophenolide, triptonide, triptolide, tripdiolide, triptolidenol, tripchlorolide, triptolide, tripdioltonide, trihydroxytriptolide, triptolide.33-241-390-431-443 This herb is toxic with adverse effects on gastrointestinal tract. Antifertility effect on male, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, treat cancer, antirheumatoid arthritis, suppressive effects. 

Hahn. J.D. (1970) Post-testicular antifertility effect of epichlorohydrin and 2,3-epoxypropanol. Nature, 226. 87... 

In a dominant lethal study on mice (LD50 doses) both of the above dipyridyls exhibited antifertility effects. Dlquat effects occurred with early and late premeiotic spermatocytes, while the Paraquat -induced infertility involved postmeiotic late spermatids (ref. 84, p. 

The dipyridyl-based contact herbicides (Diquat, Paraquat) exhibit antifertility effects on spermatocytes and cause fetal malformations. In addition these compounds are severely damaging to lungs, kidneys, liver, heart and/or QI tract, and can be permanently disabling when not lethal. 

From a synthetic standpoint, the most interesting silylated steroids are those having silicon substituted for one of the carbon atoms of a ring. Only one such system has been reported, that of the 6-silasteroids. A number of these compounds, for example 7, have been screened for estrogenic, antiestrogenic, and postcoital antifertility effects but no significant activity was noted (29). 

RJ Hutz University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wl Utilize female rats to determine whether 2,3,7,8-TCDD exerts its antifertility effects by modulating the action of estrogen at the ovary ... 

Autian J. 1982. Antifertility effects and dominant lethal assays for mutagenic effects of DEEIP. Environ Health Perspect 45 115-118. 

The seeds of fenugreek produced an antifertility effect in female rabbits and a toxicity effect in male rabbits (Kassem et al., 2006). Feeding diets containing 30% fenugreek seeds resulted in a reduction of testis weight in males and damage to the seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissues. In addition, the plasma concentration of the antrogen hormone and sperm concentrations was halved in treated animals. In the case of females, development of the fetus was reduced. 

Kassem, A., Al-Aghbari, A., Al-Habori, M. and Al-Mamary, M. (2006) Evaluation of the potential antifertility effect of fenugreek seeds in male and female rabbits. Contraception 73, 301-306. 

Surface chemical evaluation of plastic and metal intrauterine devices removed after years of trouble-free use revealed the presence of a similar glycoproteinaceous coating in all cases. Spontaneous adsorption of such coatings probably precedes the mobilization of macrophages to the devices location and triggers the antifertility effect noted. Further research required on the isolation of the spontaneously accumulated glycoprotein and the relationship of this process to the original surface properties of the devices is outlined. 

El Sahwi, S., Moyer, D. L., Antifertility Effects of the Intrauterine Foreign... 

Mohan, J., Panda, J. N., Singh, U. S., and Moudgal, R. P. (1989). Studies on antifertility effects of gossypol acetic acid in domestic cocks. ]. Reprod. Fertil. 85, 73-78. 

Antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and antifertility effects. Potent antimalarial activity. 

Particular attention has been paid to the antibacterial, antiviral, antiinflammatory and antifertility effects of Wikstroemia indica that contains abrmdant active constituents, including flavonoids, biflavonoids, coumarins, lignans, volatile oils, polysaccharides, etc. [66]... 

Garg SK. 1975. Antifertility effects of substituted nitrobenzene derivatives in female albino rats. Bulletin Postgraduate Institute 9 66-67. 

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