Indexing proposal

Nevertheless, the viscosity-gravity constant (VGC) was one of the early indexes proposed to characterize (or classify) oil types ... 

Balaban applied 47a b> a Randic-type formula (7) to distance sums instead of vertices and created thereby the most discriminating (least degenerate) topological index proposed so far ... 

Figure 16.39. Data showing correlation among fluorescence methods to determine humification degree of HA. A4AX is the humification index proposed by Zsolnay et al. (1999) it is calculated through the ratio between areas of the upper quarter of emission spectra (435-480nm) and the lower quarter (30( M45 nm) when excitation is made at 240nm. Iv is the humification index proposed by Kalbitz et al. (1999) it is calculated through the ratio of peak intensities in 465 and 399 nm measured in fluorescence synchronous-scan excitation spectra. A46S is the humification index proposed by Milori et al. (2002) it is calculated by fluorescence area of emission spectra when the excitation is made at 465 nm.

Hazard potential for each effluent was calculated using a mathematical formula (the PEEP index) proposed by Costan et al. (1993). This formula integrates the ecotoxic responses of the battery of tests before and after a biodegradation step. Toxicity test endpoint responses are first transformed to toxic units. The product of effluent toxicity and effluent flow (m3/h) gives the toxic loading value. The log 10 value of an effluent s toxic loading corresponds to its PEEP index. In order to rank the effluents a toxicity classification scale is generated (Tab. 11). 

The Randic connectivity index was the first connectivity index proposed [Randic, 1975b] it is also called the connectivity index or branching index, and is defined as ... 

Note that the total structure connectivity index is the square root of the - simple topological index proposed by Narumi for measuring molecular branching. 

It is an information index proposed to characterize the global electronic structure of molecules calculated from the molecular structure but avoiding quantum chemical approaches [Mekenyan et ai, 1987]. 

The first information index proposed as a measure of complepty of an - H-depleted molecular graph is the vertex orbital infonnation content 7orb> originally simply called topological infonnation content /top [Rashevsky, 1955 Trucco, 1956a Trucco, 1956b], defined as - mean information content. 

In order to infer the composition from temperature an ANFIS net is used. Previously, a sensitivity study is performed in order to choose the correct set of temperatures to infer top and bottom compositions (figure 4). The sensitivity index proposed is defined as the partial derivative of each available primary variable (product composition) with respect to changes in each secondary variable (tray temperature). 

Connectivity indices are among the most popular —> topological indices and are calculated from the —> vertex degree 5 of the atoms in the —> H-depleted molecular graph. The Randic connectivity index was the first connectivity index proposed [Randic, 1975b, 2008 Li and Gutman, 2006] it is also called connectivity index or branching index, and is defined as... 

An empirical index proposed for chloro-fluoro hydrocarbons (CFG) and defined as [Toropov... 

An example of the hyper-Wiener-type index is the Lu index proposed to describe multiple bond and heteroatom-containing molecules [ Lu, Guo et al, 2006a, 2006b, 2006c], It is calculated from the bond ler h-weighted distance matrix D(r ) and defined as... 

Another unsaturation measure is the Unsat index proposed as [Zheng, Luo et al., 2005] ... 

This is a spectral topochemical index proposed to describe alkyl groups and derived from an augmented adjacency matrix A (x ) weighted by the Pauling electronegativity as [Cao and Luo, 2007]... 

In flow injection analysis, the first index proposed for this purpose was the dilution factor, D [7], further defined as "the ratio of concentrations before and after the dispersion process has taken place in the element of fluid that yields the analytical readout" [114]. This index has also been called dispersion number, dispersion D, dispersion value, dilution ratio and dispersion coefficient [115], and the latter term has been generally accepted. Its reciprocal was called the dispersion factor [116]. The dispersion coefficient also holds for flow injection systems with reagent injection into the flowing sample [117]. 

Nevertheless, the viscosity-gravity constant is one of the indexes proposed to characterize oil types. For heavy oils, the low-temperature viscosity is difficult to measure. The viscosity-gravity constant for such type of petroleum is calculated by the formula... 

J. C. Geniesse, A Comparison of Viscosity-Index Proposals, ASTM Bulletin July 81-84 (1956). 

Growing interest has been focussed on transition-metal photochemistry in view of its potential relevance to the problem of solar energy fixation. Among the more general developments however, a new formalism of bond indexes proposed by Vanquickenborne and Ceulemans promises to rationalize the photochemistry of hexaco-ordinate complexes of transition metals. The ligand most readily expelled is deemed to be that having the smallest bond index. Vogler and Kunkely have... 

If the functions f and g are correlated, then C = 1. By omitting the factors -1 in numerator and denominator of Eq. [38], we obtain the index proposed by Carbo et al.226 The basic features of this parameter are contained in the numerator, which is essentially an overlap integral between f(t) and g(r). This integral with first-order density functions can be seen as the simplest example of a more general family of quantum similarity measures.23.236... 

For this, we will include into consideration the second index proposed by Head-Gordon in [5]. This index denoted by A odd[2] (as in Appendix A) is defined as follows ... 

The main safety concern for many process plants is caused by fires and explosions. A number of indicators have been used in the open literature. Othman et al. [1] have extracted indicators such as safety during startup and shutdown, safety during operation, operability of the plant, and design should meet location specific demands from the work of Herder and Weijnen [35] and considered them in a scale of 1 (worst case) to 10 (best case). Another approach is to use the inherent safety index proposed by Heikkila [36]. One widely used methodology is Dow FEI [6]. The plant is... 

In the second method, the inherent safety index proposed by Heikkila [36] is appHed for safety analysis, which requires less information and covers lots of safety aspects [53]. Table 6.14 shows the results obtained from the inherent safety index method for both the technologies. In the inherent safety index method, the chemical inherent safety index and process inherent safety index are assigned to analyze the hazards caused by chemicals. 

Several parameters can be used to determine the cellulose crystalline structure. The d-spacings between cellulose chains can be calculated using the Bragg equation. The crystalline index, proposed by Hermans et al. [7,30] is described as follows ... 

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