Risk index

In the development of the Component Manufaeturing Variability Risk Index, q, it was found to be helpful to eonsider a number of design/manufaeture interfaee issues, ineluding ... 

At the eurrent stage of development, the risk index assoeiated with eomponent assembly variability is the produet of the eomponent s handling and fitting risks ... 

Risk Indices - A risk index is a single-number measure of tlie risk associated with a facility. Some risk indices are qualitative or semi-quantitative, ranking risks in various general categories. Risk indices may also be quantitative averages or bencluiiarks based on otlier risk measures. 

TABLE 96-3. Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCQ Risk Index for Identifying Low-Risk Patients with Febrile Neutropenia7... 

Note A risk index score of 21 or greater indicates that the patient is... 

It is clear that patients with febrile neutropenia represent a heterogeneous group. Some patients are at lower risk and potentially could be treated as outpatients, thereby avoiding the risk and cost of hospitalization. The Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) has validated a risk-assessment tool that assigns a risk score to patients presenting with febrile neutropenia7 (Table 96-3). Patients with a risk-index score of 21 or greater are identified as low risk and are candidates for outpatient therapy (discussed under Treatment ). 

Summing the expected fatalities results in a total of 6.46 x 10 3 expected fatalities per year for the occupants of the cafeteria. This aggregate risk index can be inverted ... 

Boriani E, Mariani A, Badema D, Moretti C, Lodi M, Benfenati E (2010) ERICA a multiparametric toxicological risk index for the assessment of environmental healthiness. Environ Int 36 665-674... 

How can one analyze the extent of the risk How can one determine to what extent it is acceptable or unacceptable It is possible, as noted earlier, to use complex mathematical probability analyses to achieve this end. On the other hand, one can use a simpler, more practical approach, such as the following, to develop what might be termed a Relative Risk Index. 

The resulting combined rating, or Relative Risk Index, is considered to be unacceptable if the level is 9 or above. However, these ratings are not etched in stone. They are merely a guideline. Under certain circumstances, a risk may be unacceptable even if it does not meet the above criteria. 

The approaches discussed are the hazard index (HI) (Section 10.5.1.1) and the weight-of-evidence (WOE) modification to the HI (Section 10.5.1.2), the point of departure index (PODl) (Section 10.5.1.3), toxicity equivalency factors (TEFs) (Section 10.5.1.4), the margin of exposure (MOE) procedures (Section 10.5.1.5), and the cumulative risk index (CRl) method (Section 10.5.1.6). 

The cumulative risk index (CRI), also referred to as the aggregate risk index (ARI) has been suggested by the US-EPA (Whalan and Pettigrew 1997) to combine MOEs for chemicals with different AFs. The risk index (RI) of a chemical is the MOE divided by the AF or simply the reference dose divided by exposure, and is the reciprocal of the HQ ... 

England - Department of Health - Risk Research. Online. Available HTTP (accessed 10 April 2003). 

NCRP recommends that risks to hypothetical individuals at waste disposal sites should be evaluated in classifying waste, as described in the following section, and that the risk to an individual that arises from disposal of any hazardous substance be expressed in the form of a dimensionless risk index (RI). The risk index for the ith hazardous substance (Rid is defined in terms of the risk that arises from disposal of that substance relative to a specified allowable risk for an assumed type of disposal system (e.g., municipal/industrial landfill for disposal of exempt waste) as ... 

Risk is not always a useful measure of health impact in evaluating the risk index, because risk is not proportional to dose when a hazardous substance is assumed to have a threshold dose-response relationship. For this type of substance, the risk is presumed to be zero at any dose below a nominal threshold. Since the allowable dose of such substances should always be less than the threshold in order to prevent the occurrence of adverse responses, expressing the risk index in terms of risk would result in an indeterminate value when the dose is below the threshold and, more importantly, a lack of distinction between doses near the nominal thresholds and lower doses of much less concern. For any hazardous substance, including carcinogens for which risk is assumed to be proportional to dose without threshold, a generally useful form of risk indexes (Rid is in terms of dose ... 

Given the definition of risk indexes (Rid in Equation 1.1 or 1.2 and assuming that risks from exposure to the different hazardous substances in waste are additive, waste classes are defined by the requirement on each waste class and associated disposal system that ... 

Adding risk indexes (RR) for noncarcinogenic substances and combining risk indexes (RR) for carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic substances requires care, however, due to the assumed forms of the dose-response relationships. The evaluation of Equation 1.3 for mixtures of hazardous substances is described in Section I.5.5.4. 

Evaluation of the risk index (RI) in Equation 1.1 or 1.2 requires assumptions about allowable risks or doses from waste disposal to be used in defining the different waste classes (see Section 1.4.1). These assumptions should be based on an understanding of differences in the approaches to risk management for radionuclides and hazardous chemicals embodied in current laws and regulations, including the different meanings that have been attached to the terms acceptable and unacceptable commonly used to describe the significance of health risks. 

Exempt waste Any waste containing hazardous substances that is generally acceptable for disposition as nonhazardous material (e.g., disposal in municipal/industrial landfill) Based on a risk index less than unity for all hazardous substances and assumption that risk or dose to hypothetical inadvertent intruder at disposal site should not exceed negligible levels... 

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