Analysis connective tissue

Meat proteins comprise a water-soluble fraction (containing the muscle pigment myoglobin and enzymes), a salt-soluble fraction composed mainly of contractile proteins, and an insoluble fraction comprising connective tissue proteins and membrane proteins. As reviewed by Dierckx and Huyghebaert [107], HPLC analysis of meat proteins has been successfully applied to evaluate heat-induced changes in the protein prohle, to detect adulterations (addition of protein of lower value, the replacement of meat from high-value species with meat from lower-value species, etc.), and for specie identification in noncooked products (also for fish sample). 

Sarcomas are tumors of mesenchymal origin, arising in skeletal tissues and extra-skeletal connective tissues including the nerves. They are very rare and mainly effect a younger population. Sarcomas of soft tissues are relatively insensitive to drug treatment and are therefore not discussed in detail in this chapter. A systematic review of fourteen trials of doxorubicin-based adjuvant chemotherapy for the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas involving 1568 patients concluded Doxorubicin-based adjuvant chemotherapy appears to significantly improve time to local and distant recurrence and overall recurrence-free survival in adults with localised resectable soft tissue sarcoma. There is some evidence of a trend towards improved overall survival (see Sarcoma Meta-analysis Collaboration, 1999). 

Volpi, N. (2006). Advances in chondroitin sulfate analysis Application in physiological and pathological states of connective tissue, and during pharmacological treatment of osteoarthritis. Curr. Pharm. Des. 12, 639-658. 

In contrast to milk, where samples are primarily derived from cows, meat analysis has to be performed in samples of a widely different animal origin including cattle, lamb, swine, poultry, and fish. Muscle is a complex matrix with a pH of 5.7, composed of muscle fibers, various types of connective tissue, adipose tissue, cartilage, and bones. Sarcoplasmic proteins such as myoglobin, and glycolytic enzymes are soluble in water while the myofibrillar proteins such as myosin and actin are soluble in concentrated salt solutions (14). The connective tissue proteins, collagen and elastin, are insoluble in both solvents. 

Mata, A., Boehm, C., Fleischman, A.J., Muschler, G., Roy, S., Analysis of connective tissue progenitor cell behavior on polydimethylsiloxane smooth and channel micro-textures. Biomed. Microdevices 2002, 4(4), 267-275. 

Unfortunately (or fortunately, depending on one s point of view) the vasculature is not "mushy" like the brain. The collagen and connective tissue content of blood vessels does not allow the gentle homogenization and tissue disruption which has allowed extensive biochemical analysis and binding studies of the brain dopamine receptor(s). Thus, there is a huge void in the biochemical analyses of the peripheral dopamine receptor(s) and mechanisms. There is clearly much to be done in this area for the future. 

Silver FH, Kato YP, Ohno M, Wasserman AJ. Analysis of mammalian connective tissue Relationship between hierarchical structures and mechanical properties./ Long-Term Effects Med Implants. 1992 2 165. 

Models of mechanical behavior of tissues have been difficult to develop primarily because of the time dependence of the viscoelasticity. Analysis of viscoelastic behavior of even simple polymers at strains greater than a few percent is not accurate. In addition, most tissues undergo strains larger than a few percent, which makes the analysis require an understanding of the elongation behavior. In this chapter we focus on using modeling techniques to analyze the physical basis for determination of the tensile behavior of ECMs found in connective tissue. 

The candidate compound is added to the perfusate before the isolated liver is transferred to the perfusion setup. After 5 minutes recirculation in the system without the organ a sample of the perfusate is collected for determination of the starting concentration of the candidate compound (value at time 0). Then the isolated liver is connected to the perfusion chamber and subsequently samples of the perfusate are taken in 10 to 15 minute intervals as well as bile samples are taken in 15 minutes intervals for the determination of compound levels. The volume of excreted bile per 30 minutes is determined gravimetrically (difference between tube weight without and with bile per collection period) with the assumption that 1 g is equivalent to 1 ml of bile. If radioactive-labelled candidate compounds are used the intervals for bile collection can be much shorter (1 to 2 minutes). The liver is perfused for 2 hours and at the end of the perfusion experiment the liver is removed and immediately frozen for determination of tissue level of the compound in liquid nitrogen and later on stored at -20 °C until analysis. For analysis of tissue levels of the candidate compound the frozen livers are homogenized in water (1 g tissue in 1 ml water (or solvent to extract the candidate compound from the tissue)) using an ultra-turrax. 

In Volume 33 of this Series, we presented1 a review of the crystalline structures of polysaccharides published during the period 1967-1974. Detailed accounts of progress in structural studies on specific types of polysaccharides were presented in the Proceedings of the Twenty-sixth Symposium of the Colston Research Society and were subsequently published as a book.2 Precise methods for X-ray diffraction analysis of biopolymer structures were discussed by Hukins.3 The aspects of the structures of cellulose, mannan, and xylan, their organization in the cell wall, and the biosynthesis of cell-wall polysaccharides were described by Mackie.4 Work on the structures of the connective-tissue polysaccharides, O-acetylcellulose, and the various forms of amylose was reviewed by Atkins,5 Chanzy,6 and Sarko,7... 

Connective-Tissue Macromolecules, Analysis by Determination of Certain Constituents... 

SAR structure-activity relationship, sarcoma A malignant type of neoplasm, a cancerous growth, which arises in the connective tissue of skin etc. saturation analysis Where the amount of radioactivity... 

Colon tissue was selected as a model for the comparative analysis of soft tissue by FT-IR and Raman imaging at low and high lateral resolution, because it contains aU four major tissue types such as muscle, connective tissue, epithelium and also nerve cells. The vibrational spectroscopic fingerprints of normal tissues and their distribution in control samples were determined. The compilation of such data is important before a method can be applied to pathological colon tissue such as colorectal adenocarcinoma, which is the third most common form of cancer and the second leading cause of death among cancer patients in the Western world. Colorectal adenocarcinomas originate from epithelial cells and are able to infiltrate the subjacent layers of colon and rectum. 

Janowsky EC, Kupper LL, Hulka BS (2000) Meta-analysis of the relation between silicone breast implants and the risk of connective tissue diseases. N Engl J Med, 342 781-790. 

Perkins LL, Clark BD, Klein PJ, Cook RR (1995) A meta-analysis of breast implants and connective tissue disease. Ann Plast Surg, 35 561-570. 

Blumenkrantz, Nelly, and Asboe-Hansen, Gustav, Methods for Analysis of Connective-Tissue Macromolecules by Determination of... 

M. Mahler, M. Bluthner and K. M. Pollard, (2003). Advances in B-cell epitope analysis of autoantigens in connective tissue diseases. Clin. Immunol. 107, 65-79. 

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