Aminotransferases factor

Function in blood, eg, coagulation factors, cholinesterase Leakage from cells or tissues, eg, aminotransferases... 

A minor asymptomatic increase in liver aminotransferase is seen in 10 to 20% of patients, whereas fatal hepatitis is seen in fewer than 1% of isoniazid recipients. Risk factors for hepatitis include underlying liver disease, advanced age, pregnancy, and combination therapy with acetaminophen. Early recognition and prompt discontinuation of the drug is recommended to prevent further damage to the liver. 

Liver toxicity is a rare side effect of CBZ therapy (Trimble, 1990), although a recent study reported that 9% of children on CBZ had mildly elevated aspartate aminotransferase (Camfield and Camfield, 1985). Higher mean serum total cholesterol (TC) levels, mean low-density lipoprotein level, and mean TC/high-density lipoprotein ratio have been reported in children with epilepsy treated with CBZ, compared with controls (Sozuer et ah, 1997). Conversely, an increase in serum high-density lipoproteins was reported in a smaller sample of patients treated with CBZ, and was therefore interpreted as a possible protective factor against atherosclerosis (Yalcin et ah, 1997). 

Transcription factors Fos, Hsp70, proteinkinase C Myc, Myb, p53, Hsp70 Tyrosine aminotransferase HMGCoA rednctase... 

Suzuki Y, Uehara R, Tajima C, Noguchi A, Ide M, Ichikawa Y, Mizushima Y. Elevation of serum hepatic aminotransferases during treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with low-dose methotrexate. Risk factors and response to folic acid. Scand J Rheumatol 1999 28(5) 273-81. 

The selection of which enzyme to measure in serum for diagnostic or prognostic purposes depends on a number of factors. An important factor is the distribution of enzymes among the various tissues, shown, for example, for aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and creatine kinase in Figure 8-14. The main enzymes of established clinical value, together with their tissues of origin and their major clinical applications, are listed in Table 8-3 (see also Chapter 21). 

Both the coenzyme-deficient apoenzymes and the holoenzymes may be present in serum. Therefore, addition of P-5 -P under conditions that allow recombination with the enzymes usually produces an increase in aminotransferase activity. In accordance with the principle that all factors affecting the rate of reaction must be optimized and controlled, IFCC recommends addition of P-5 -P in aminotransferase methods to ensure that all the enzymatic activity is measured. 

Laboratory findings in cirrhosis reflect ongoing liver injury and decreased hepatic function. The most common laboratory findings in individuals with cirrhosis are summarized in Table 47-9. Activities of aminotransferases are variable in cirrhosis, and reflect activity of underlying necroinflammatory activity. If the cause of cirrhosis has been eliminated (as by abstinence from ethanol or successful treatment of viral hepatitis), aminotransferase activity is often within the reference interval Persistence of elevation is a risk factor for development of HCC. As described earlier, the ratio of AST/ALT activity is often greater than 1 in cirrhosis. The mechanism for the change in... 

Hepatic Effects. Areas of focal necrosis and cell degeneration were noted in the liver of a worker exposed to an undetermined concentration of hydrazine in air once a week for 6 months (Sotaniemi et al. 1971). These effects on the liver, however, were not contributing factors in the worker s death. Elevated serum alanine aminotransferase activity, fatty degeneration, and a positive cephalin flocculation test were seen in workers exposed to 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (Petersen et al. 1970 Shook and Cowart 1957). A large number of studies in animals were located regarding the hepatotoxic effects of hydrazines. 

Another marker of sufficient tissue perfusion can be clinical assessment of end-organ function. As mentioned previously, prevention of MODS is an important factor in reducing ARDS-associated mortality. ChnicaUy, assessments of urine output and serum electrolytes are important aspects of renal function monitoring, whereas liver function tests (aminotransferases AST and ALT) are important laboratory parameters for monitoring hepatic function. Central nervous system assessment can be difficult in the ARDS patient and is confounded by concurrent drug therapies (e.g., sedatives, narcotics, etc.) that alter neurologic status. 

ADP AFP ab as ALAT AP ASAT ATP BQ BSA CEH CK CME COD con A CV d D E E EC ECME EDTA EIA /e FAD FET FIA G GOD G6P-DH HBg HCG adenosine diphosphate a-fetoprotein antibody antigen alanine aminotranferase alkaline phosphatase aspartate aminotransferase adenosine triphosphate benzoquinone bovine serum albumin cholesterol ester hydrolase creatine kinase chemically modified electrode cholesterol oxidase concanavalin A coefficient of variation (relative standard deviation) layer thickness diffusion coefficient enzyme potential Enzyme Classification enzyme-chemically modified electrode ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid enzyme immunoassay enzyme loading factor flavin adenine dinucleotide field effect transistor flow injection analysis amplification factor glucose oxidase glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase hepatitis B surface antigen human chorionic gonadotropin... 

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