Serum high-density lipoproteins

Fia. 2. Fractionation of human serum high-density lipoprotein ap>oprotein (apo HDD, scheme 2. Such a procedure takes advantage of the dimer— monomer conversion of fraction IV induced by the cleavage of the single disulfide bridge. R-IV = reduced fraction IV 8ME — 3-meroaptoethanol. Peaks — fraction HI = fraction IV fraction V. 

Fig. 4. Amino add sequence of human serum high-density lipoprotein apoprotein (apo HDL), fraction IV (dimer). Data from Brewer et al. (B5).

Lipoprotein lipase, an enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of the triglyceride moiety of lipoproteins, has been shown to be activated by serum high-density lipoproteins (B4, K5, S6, S14), by very low density... 

El. Edelstein, C., Lim, C. T., and Scanu, A. M., On the subunit structure of the protein of human serum high density lipoprotein. I. A study of its major polypeptide component (Sephadex, fraction III). J. Biol. Chem. 247, 5842-5849 (1972). 

Scanu, A. M., Serum high-density lipoprotein effect of change in structure on activity of chicken adipose tissue lipase. Science 153, 640-641 (1966). 

Scanu, A. M., The effect of reduction and carboxymethylation on the circular dichroic spectra of pure polypeptide classes of serum high density lipoproteins. BwMm. Biophys. Acta 200, 570-572 (1970). 

Scanu, A. M., Toth, J., Edelstein, C., Koga, J., and Stiller, E., Fractionation of human serum high density lipoproteins in urea solutions. Evidence for pol rpeptide heterogeneity. Biochemistry 8, 3309-3316 (1969). 

Shore, B., and Shore, V., Heterogeneity in protein subunits of human serum high density lipoproteins. Biochemistry 7, 2773-2777 (1968). 

Vascular disease-A positive association is observed between the amount of estrogen and progestin in OCs and the risk of vascular disease. A decline in serum high-density lipoproteins (HDL) has occurred with progestins and has been associated with an increased incidence of ischemic heart disease. Because estrogens increase HDL cholesterol, the net effect depends on a... 

Serum sex hormones effect. DION (300 mg androstenedione, 150 mg dehydro-epiandrosterone, 540 mg saw palmetto, 300 mg indole-3-carbinol, 625 mg chrysin, 750 mg Tribulus terrestris), administered daily to healthy 30- to 59-year-old men for 28 days, produced no change in serum concentrations of total T and PSA. DION increased the concentrations of serum androstenedione (342%), free T (38%), DHT (71%), and estradiol (103%). Serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations were reduced by 5 mg/dL in DION (p < 0.05). Increases in serum free T (r = 0.01), androstenedione (r = 0.01), DHT (r = 0.03), or estradiol (r = 0.07) concentrations in DION were not related to age. The ingestion of androstenedione combined with herbal products increased serum-free T concentrations in older men, but herbal products did not prevent the conversion of... 

Liver toxicity is a rare side effect of CBZ therapy (Trimble, 1990), although a recent study reported that 9% of children on CBZ had mildly elevated aspartate aminotransferase (Camfield and Camfield, 1985). Higher mean serum total cholesterol (TC) levels, mean low-density lipoprotein level, and mean TC/high-density lipoprotein ratio have been reported in children with epilepsy treated with CBZ, compared with controls (Sozuer et ah, 1997). Conversely, an increase in serum high-density lipoproteins was reported in a smaller sample of patients treated with CBZ, and was therefore interpreted as a possible protective factor against atherosclerosis (Yalcin et ah, 1997). 

Modest increases in serum high-density lipoproteins have occasionally been noted in patients taking cimetidine (SED-12, 942 285). 

Maes M, Smith R, Christophe, A, et al. Lower serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in major depression and in depressed men with serious suicidal attempts Relationship with immune-inflammatory markers. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1997 95 212-221. 

Mooradian AD, Haas MJ, Wong NC. The effect of select nutrients on serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I levels. EndocrRev. 2006b, 27 2-16. 

A21. Anderson, D. W, Nichols, A. V., Forte, T. M., and Lindgren, F. T., Particle distribution of human serum high density lipoproteins. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 493, 55-68 (1977). 

M., A one-step separation of human serum high density lipoproteins 2 and 3 by rate-zonal density gradient ultracentrifugation in a swinging bucket rotor. J, Lipid Res. 23, 1342-1353 (1982). 

Okazaki, M., Hagiwara, N., and Hara, I., Heterogeneity of human serum high density lipoproteins on high performance liquid chromatography. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 92, 517-524 (1982). 

Olofsson, S.-O., Fager, G., and Gustafson, A., Isolation and partial characterization of glycine- and serine-rich polypeptide from human serum high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 37, 749-755 (1977). 

T6. Tan, M. H., Dickinson, M. A., Albers, J. J., Havel, R. J., Cheung, M. C., and Vigne, J.-L., The effects of a high cholesterol saturated fat diet on serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol, apoA-I and apoE levels in normolipidemic subjects. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 33, 2559-2565 (1980). 

Roeback JR, Hla KM, Chambless LE, et al. 1991. Effects of chromium supplementation on serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in men taking beta-blockers A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 115 917-924. 

Wasan KM and Lopez-Berestein G. Modification of amphotericin B s therapeutic Index by Increasing Its association with serum hIgh-densIty lipoproteins. Ann NY Acad Scl 730 93-106,1994. 

Oda H, Yoshida A. 1994. Effect of feeding xenobiotics on serum high density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein A-I in rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 58 1646-1651. 

Chan, E., Tan, C. S., Deurenberg-Yap, M., Chia, K. S., Chew, S. K., and Tai, E. S. (2006). The V227A polymorphism at the PPARA locus is associated with serum lipid concentrations and modulates the association between dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and serum high density lipoprotein concentrations in Chinese women. Atherosclerosis 187, 309-315. 

These agents have beneficial effects because they lower serum triglycerides and increase levels of serum high-density lipoproteins (HDL). 

Lipids with high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids are considered desirable by many nutritionists because these lipids help to maintain low levels of blood cholesterol and favorable levels of serum high density lipoproteins. Many efforts are now directed at modification of the fatty acid composition in plants, especially the composition of seed oils (5). Genetic improvement of soybean oil is an especially desirable goal since the small amount of a-linolenic acid present in the oil causes flavor instability. 

Thioureas 173 (R = Me, Et) react with PCls in boiling benzene to furnish 1-oxa-2,4-diazines 174 (Equation 31), which were found to have serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-elevating activity <2004JME681, 2002W02002028845>. 

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