Load factor

Fig. 1. Properties of foods near 2.45 GHz as a function of temperature, where A represents distilled water B, cooked carrots C, mashed potatoes D, cooked ham E, raw beef F, cooked beef and G, com oil (a) dielectric constants and (b) load factors, e = etan6 (32).

A conservative assumption is that O can be set equal to zero. When the stress O equals the characteristic strength O the faUure probabUity is 63.2%. Under conditions other than tensUe loading, the stress distribution in a body is inhomogeneous. To account for this, a loading factor k is used to calculate the effective volume under stress and kVreplaces V. 

Figure 6.66 Average load factor Ki. when started against load...

Ki = mean load factor, i.e. the ratio of the average load torque to the motor torque which depends upon the loading on the motor during start-up. 

X = radial load factor Y = axial load factor... 

With this equation the life of the bearing can be determined for different load conditions and is predetermined for the type of drive and service requirements. To select a proper bearing, therefore, the type of application and the loading ratio (CIP) should be carefully selected to ensure the required minimum life. Bearing manufacturers product catalogues provide the working life of bearings for different load factors and may be referred to for data on C, C and other parameters. 

Because Norske Shell was using these turboexpanders in a dewpoint control process, it was necessary to factor in other specific conditions. For instance, these mrboexpanders could be exposed to possibly violent process transient conditions. For this reason, the magnetic bearings required a flux control system to increase the response capability, which was developed by the original equipment manufacturer in concert with the magnetic bearing manufacturer. The load factor of... 

The economics of such a system are very complex, and there are many variables that must be considered. Some of the major considerations are total installed cost, the load factor or capacity factor, the... 

VDdsg = Downcomer design velocity, GPM/fT Vioad = Column vapor load factor WFP = Width of tray flow path, in. pL = Liquid density, Ibs/ft pv = Vapor density, Ibs/ft ... 

HP Speed RPM Synch. Motor Efficiency Full Load 1.0 PF Induction Motor Efficiency Power Full Load Factor ... 

N,n = Minimum theoretical stages at total reflux Q = Heat transferred, Btu/hr U - Overall heat transfer coefficient, Btu/hrfP"F u = Vapor velocity, ft/sec U d = Velocity under downcomer, ft/sec VD(js = Downcomer design velocity, GPM/fL Vioad = Column vapor load factor W = Condensate rate, Ibs/hr Xhk = Mol fraction of heavy key component Xlk = Mol fraction of the light key component a, = Relative volatility of component i versus the heavy key component... 

This has a positive effect on thermal comfort, particularly in the summer period. I he thermal space load factor p, is used to quantitatively characterirc this effect (flout> outside air temperature 0, air temperature at working spat e level f exhaint cxhaust air temperature) ... 

Primary results of the simulation are the room air temperatures, the air change rates, and the space load factors (Figs. 11,38 to 11.40). 

A space load factor fXf = 0.75 results for the important period of May-September. This corresponds very well with standard values given in VDl. 

I FIGURE I 1.40 Space load factors d r, during work time. 

Load factor The ratio of the average demand to the maximum demand may relate to electrical, heating, or cooling load. 

Traffic signal preemption and other technologies that seek to speed transit can have a similar effect. Faster bus travel means less fuel consumption per vehicle distance traveled. However, faster transit seiwce increases demand for transit, potentially increasing the transit load factor. 

The land area rec[uired for a double-track railway (a minimum right-of-way approximately 44 ft wide) is less than that required for a four-lane highway (at least 50 ft wide at an absolute minimum, and usually much more). Depending on assumptions about load factors, a double-track railway can carry 20,000 to 50,000 passengers in rush hour in each direction. 

Divide the load factor (step 1) by the value from the factor scale of (7) above, obtain ft/min/(100 Ib/hr load). 

Figure 6-28C. Non-condensable load factor. By permission, Worthington Corp.

Liquid height, ft = Non-condensable load factor = Latent heat of vaporization of steam, BTU/lb = Average mol weight of system vapors = Molecular weight of non-condensable gas = Molecular weight of condensable vapor = Total absolute pressure, Ibs/sq in. absolute (or other consistent units), or system operating pressure, torr... 

C = empirical constant in CCFL correlation Cl = liquid pha.se loading factor defined in Equation 8-282, ft/s... 

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