Flocculation tests

Standardization and Testing. RequHements for DTP have been described (17). Standardization of potency for the toxoids reHes on antigenic and flocculation tests. In principle, the antigenic tests are conducted to measure the abUity of the vacciae to Hiduce specific antibodies Hi guHiea pigs. The flocculation test provides a quantitative estimate of the amount of toxoid Hi the vacciae. 

Even though the new technique is largely automated, it is still a rather lengthy procedure, compared to some other methods of flocculation testing (13), and would probably not be used simply to find optimum flocculant concentrations. 

Estrogens, Natural, the Determination and Significance of (Brown), 3, 158 Flame Photometry (MacIntyre), 4, 1 Flocculation Tests and their Application to the Study of Liver Disease (Reinhold), 3, 84... 

Liver Disease, Flocculation Tests and their Application to the Study of (Reinhold), 3, 84... 

Laboratory devices, gas-liquid mass transfer, 15 690-692 Laboratory extractors, 10 768 Laboratory flocculant testing, 11 638-639... 

Flocculation Tests and Their Application to the Study of Liver Disease John G. Reinhold... 

Laboratory Flocculant Testing. The objective of laboratory testing of flocculants is lo determine which chemical composition and molecular weight will give the best cost performance. The usual method is lo simulate on a laboratory scale the formation of floes and then subject them to the same or similar types of forces as would be encountered in a full-scale dewatering device. 

In general, the quicker the time elapsing between sampling and testing, the more reliable the result. Conducting flocculant tests off-site is generally worthless. 

Hepatic 21.4 (transient abnormal cephalin flocculation test) ... 

In order to ascertain that the selective dispersion effect of PAAX was truly due to the modified polymer itself and not to the associated poly-sulfides in the crude reaction, the flocculation testing was repeated with the purified PAAX solution. By using 300 mg/l of the purified PAAX solution, about 96 percent of the coal suspension flocculated in 5 minutes, while the pyrite suspension remained stable. These tests confirmed that the selective dispersion action was due to the PAAX (polyxanthate polymer) itself. 

A12. Armas Cruz, R., Lobo-Parga, G., Madrid, M., and Valasco, C., Normal and pathologic proteins and flocculation test. A contribution to the study of the mechanism of flocculation tests. Gastroenterology 36, 298-308 (1958). 

M2. Maclagan, N. F., and Binm, D., Flocculation tests with electrophoretically separated serum proteins. Biochem. J. 41, 580-586 (1947). 

Hepatic Effects. A single case study reported areas of focal necrosis and cell degeneration in the liver of a worker exposed to an undetermined concentration of hydrazine in air once a week for 6 months (Sotaniemi et al. 1971). Studies of workers exposed to 1,1-dimethylhydrazine have reported changes indicative of a hepatic effect including elevated scrum alanine aminotransferase activity, fatty degeneration, and a positive cephalin flocculation test (Petersen et al. 1970 Shook and Cowart 1957). Although the levels of hydrazine and 1,1-dimethylhydrazine exposure were not determined, these studies indicate qualitatively that tlie liver is a target for both hydrazines. 

Attempts have been made to allow for the effect of biliary obstruction by the use of a correction factor based on the 1-minute serum bilirubin concentration as a measure of the degree of obstruction (Z3). However BSP retention values corrected in this way were foimd to be less valuable in the differential diagnosis of jaundice than the results of the cephalin flocculation test or the thymol turbidity test (M21). 

M13. Mateer, J. G., Baltz, J. I., Marion, D. F., and MacMillan, J. M., Liver function tests general evaluation of liver function tests, and appraisal of comparative sensitivity and reliability of newer tests, with particular emphasis on cephalin-cholesterol flocculation test, intravenous hippuric acid test and improved bromsul-phthalein test with new normal standard. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 121, 723-728 (1943). 

M21. Metzler, C., Hoffbauer, F. W., and Benson, E., The corrected bromsulfalein test. A comparison with cephalin-cholesterol flocculation test and the thsonol turbidity reaction in jaundiced patients. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 47, 519-528 (1956). 

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