Detergents amide

Crilion. [Croda Surf. Ltd.] Fatty alkanol-amides detergent, foam stabilizer, onulsifier, antistat, anticorrosive, lubricant for personal care prods., cutting oils. 

Eumulgin . [Henkel/Emery/Cospha Henkel KGaA Fulcra SA] Ethoxy-lated ethers, esters, or amides detergent, wetting agent, dispersant, emulsifier, solubilizer for paints, dishwashing, pesticides, cosmetKS, flow polishes, perfumes. 

Karamide. [Clark] Fatty add alkanol-amides detergent, emulsifier, thickener, base for floor cleaners, all-purpose cleaners. 

Schercoterge. [Scher] Ethoxylated amide detergent wetting and textile scouring agent emulsifier, dye assistant... 

Significant quantities of amine and amide esters are formed by side reactions (9). In addition, with dialkanolamines, amide diesters, morpholines, and piperazines can be obtained, depending on the starting material. Reaction of dialkanolamines with fatty acids in a 2 1 ratio, at 140—160°C, produces a second major type of alkanolamide. These products, in contrast to the 1 1 alkanolamides, are water soluble they are complex mixtures of AJ-alkanolamides, amine esters, and diesters, and still contain a considerable amount of unreacted dialkanolamine, accounting for the water solubiUty of the product. Both the 1 1 and the 2 1 alkanolamides are of commercial importance in detergents. 

Sulfation by sulfamic acid has been used ia the preparation of detergents from dodecyl, oleyl, and other higher alcohols. It is also used ia sulfating phenols and phenol—ethylene oxide condensation products. Secondary alcohols react ia the presence of an amide catalyst, eg, acetamide or urea (24). Pyridine has also been used. Tertiary alcohols do not react. Reactions with phenols yield phenyl ammonium sulfates. These reactions iaclude those of naphthols, cresol, anisole, anethole, pyrocatechol, and hydroquinone. Ammonium aryl sulfates are formed as iatermediates and sulfonates are formed by subsequent rearrangement (25,26). 

Sulfated Acids, Amides, and Esters. Reaction with sulfuric acid may be carried out on fatty acids, alkanolamides, and short-chain esters of fatty acids. The disodium salt of sulfated oleic acid is a textile additive and an effective lime soap dispersant. A typical sulfated alkanolamide stmcture is CiiH23C0NHCH2CH20S03Na. Others include the sulfates of mono and diethanolamides of fatty acids in the detergent range. The presence of... 

Peracid Precursor Systems. Compounds that can form peracids by perhydrolysis are almost exclusively amide, imides, esters, or anhydrides (85). Two compounds were commercially used for laundry bleaching as of 1990. Tetraacetylethylenediarnine (TAED) [10543-57-4] is utilized in over 50% of Western European detergents (5). The perhydrolysis reaction of this compound is shown in equation 19. T A ED generates two moles of peracid and one mole of diacetylethylenediamine per mole of imide (93). 

The perhydrolysis reaction could theoretically continue to give four moles of peracid per mole of TAED but stops at this stoichiometry because of the substantial increase in the conjugate acid pify of the leaving group going from an amide (p-R = 17) to an amine (pif = 35) (94,95). Nonanoyloxybenzene sulfonate (NOBS) [101482-85-3] is used in detergent products in the United States and Japan. The NOBS perhydrolysis reaction is shown in equation 20 (96). 

Amidocarbonylation converts aldehydes into amido-substituted amino acids, which have many important industrial applications ranging from pharmaceuticals to detergents and metal-chelating agents.588 Two catalyst systems have been developed, a cobalt-based system and, more recently a palladium-based system. In the cobalt system, alkenes can be used as the starting material, thus conducting alkene-hydroformylation, formation of hemi-amidal and carbonylation in one pot as... 

The amidocarbonylation of aldehydes provides highly efficient access to N-acyl a-amino acid derivatives by the reaction of the ubiquitous and cheap starting materials aldehyde, amide, and carbon monoxide under transition metal-catalysis [1,2]. Wakamatsu serendipitously discovered this reaction when observing the formation of amino acid derivatives as by-products in the cobalt-catalyzed oxo reaction of acrylonitrile [3-5]. The reaction was further elaborated to an efficient cobalt- or palladium-catalyzed one-step synthesis of racemic N-acyl a-amino acids [6-8] (Scheme 1). Besides the range of direct applications, such as pharmaceuticals and detergents, racemic N-acetyl a-amino acids are important intermediates in the synthesis of enantiomeri-cally pure a-amino acids via enzymatic hydrolysis [9]. 

Uses Stabilizer for latex rubber intermediate for dyestuffs and medicinals resin and detergent manufacturing solvent in petroleum and vegetable oil refining starting material for manufacturing amides plasticizer stabilizer for rubber latex in organic synthesis. 

Detergent In relationship to fuel technology, a detergent is an oil-soluble surfactant added to fuel aiding in the prevention and removal of deposits. Examples include anionic alkyl aryl sulfonates, cationic fatty acid amides, or nonionic polyol condensates. 

Dialkyl Sulfosuccinates. Introduced in 1939 by the American Cyan amid Company under the Aerosol trademark, dialkyl sulfosuccinates have become widely used specialty surfactants (Table 8) (9). Within the limitations in hydrolytic stability imposed by the presence of the ester groups, sulfosuccinates are mild, versatile surfactants used when strong wetting, detergency, rewetting, penetration, and solubilization effectiveness is needed. 

Compositions and functions of typical commercial products in the 2-alkyl-l-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-imidazolines series are given in Table 29. 2-Alkyl-l-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-imidazolines are used in hydrocarbon and aqueous systems as antistatic agents, corrosion inhibitors, detergents, emulsifiers, softeners, and viscosity builders. They are prepared by heating the salt of a carboxylic acid with (2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine at 150—160°C to form a substituted amide 1 mol water is eliminated to form the substituted imidazoline with further heating at 180—200°C. Substituted imidazolines yield three series of cationic surfactants by ethoxylation to form more hydrophilic products quatemization with benzyl chloride, dimethyl sulfate, and other alkyl halides and oxidation with hydrogen peroxide to amine oxides. 

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