Amide plastics

Uses Stabilizer for latex rubber intermediate for dyestuffs and medicinals resin and detergent manufacturing solvent in petroleum and vegetable oil refining starting material for manufacturing amides plasticizer stabilizer for rubber latex in organic synthesis. 

Most commercial fluorocarbon elastomers have brittle points between -25°C (-13°F) and -40°C (-40°F). The low-temperature flexibility depends on the chemical structure of the polymer and cannot be improved markedly by compounding. The use of plasticizers may help somewhat, but at a cost of reduced heat stability and worsened aging. Peroxide-curable polymers may be blended with fluorosilicones, but such blends exhibit considerably lower high-temperature stability and solvent resistance and are considerably more expensive than the pure fluorocarbon polymer. Viton GLT is a product with a low brittle point of -51°C (-59°F) [48]. Tecnoflon for containing a stable fluorinated amide plasticizer reportedly exhibits improved low-temperature hardness, brittle point, and compression set without sacrificing physical properties [66]. Low-temperature characteristics of selected fluorocarbon elastomers are listed in Table 5.13 [9]. 

Boron alkyls and Ziegler-Natta catalyst systems have also been mentioned in the patent literature [551,552]. The initiating systems have been modified by the addition of elemental titanium, solvents (lactones, amides), plasticizers (esters, carboxylic or phosphoric acids), and lead and cadmium compounds. 

Plasticizers are used in adhesive formulations, above all for elastification of the polymer films in emulsion-based adhesives and also for increasing wet tack. They are used, e.g., in homopolymer emulsion-based adhesives. Phthalate plasticizers are the most widely used, diisobutyl phthalate being especially important for emulsion-based adhesives. In addition to phthalate and adipate plasticizers epo)q and phenol sulfonic amide plasticizers are used in PVC plastisols. Besides ester plasticizers, mineral oils and also chlorinated low molecular mass polyethylenes and low molecular mass hydrocarbon resins are used in rubber adhesives. 

Figure 7.8 Tensile fracture surfaces of (A) glycerol, (B) sorbitol and (C) polyester amide plasticized soy-based agro-polymers. Reprinted with permission from P. Tummala, W. J. Liu, L. T. Drzal, A. K. Mohanty and M. Misra, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2006, 45, 7491-7496. Copyright 2006 American Chemical Society.

A suspension of 0.40 mol of sodium amide in 300 ml of liquid ammonia was prepared as described in Chapter II, Exp. 11. To the suspension was added with swirling a mixture of 0.25 mol of CHgCeC-S-Ph (see Chapter IV, Exp. 14) and 40 ml of THE in about 2 min (note 1). Swirling was continued after the addition. Three minutes later (note 1) the stopper with glass tube was placed on the flask. The brown solution was forced through the glass tube and the plastic tube, connected to it under 400 g of finely crushed ice, which was contained in a 3-1 conical flask (see Chapter I, Fig. 3, and accompanying description of this operation). The flask was placed for... 

Plastics Additives. Many claims have been made for the use of nickel chemicals as additives to various resin systems. By far the most important appHcation is as uv-quenchers in polyolefins (173,174). Among the useful nickel complexes in these systems are dibutyldithiocarbamate nickel [13927-77-0], nickel thiobisphenolates, and nickel amide complexes of bisphenol sulfides (175). The nickel complex of... 

Ch1orocarhony1trime11itic acid 1,2-anhydride [1204-28-0] (9), is used in the preparation of esters and amide—imide polymers. TriaHyl trimellitate [2694-54-4] (10) is used as a cross-linking or co-curing agent for ethylene-derived mbbers and plastics. 

The amide linkage characterizes nylons. In the first commercial nylon, nylon-6,6, R = (CH2 )g and R = (CH2 )4. Nylon-6,6 is familiar as a textile fiber (nylon stockings) and a molded plastic (see Polyamides). 

Alkan olamines ate used in urethane coatings for glass shatter proofing (68) and have been utilized as amides, salts, or free amines in providing antifrosting, antifogging, and dirt-resistant films on glass and plastics (69—72). 

Plasticizers (qv) can range in composition from the ester types, ie, epoxies, phosphate, amides, etc. The effect of any one of these on curing is usually pH-dependent. However, it is pmdent to investigate each on a case by case basis. 

Tantalum Nitrides. Tantalum nitride [12033-62-4] TaN, is produced by direct synthesis of the elements at 1100°C. Very pure TaN has been produced by spontaneous reaction of lithium amide, L1NH2, and TaCl ( )- The compound is often added to cermets in 3—18 wt %. Ta N [12033-94-2] is used as a red pigment in plastics and paints (78). 

These materials also have high thermal and oxidative stabiHty. Flexible segments such as amide siloxane can be incorporated into the imide-based stmcture for hot melt or injection appHcations. General Electric (GE) and Hoechst-Celanese are suppHers of these high performance plastics. 

The term aminoplastics has been coined to cover a range of resinous polymers produced by interaction of amines or amides with aldehydes. Of the various polymers of this type that have been produced there are two of current commercial importance in the field of plastics, the urea-formaldehyde and the melamine-formaldehyde resins. There has in the past also been some commercial interest in aniline-formaldehyde resins and in systems containing thiourea but today these are of little or no importance. Melamine-phenol-formaldehyde resins have also been introduced for use in moulding powders, and benzoguanamine-based resins are used for surface coating applications. 

Block copolymers can contain crystalline or amorphous hard blocks. Examples of crystalline block copolymers are polyurethanes (e.g. B.F. Goodrich s Estane line), polyether esters (e.g. Dupont s Hytrel polymers), polyether amides (e.g. Atofina s Pebax grades). Polyurethanes have enjoyed limited utility due to their relatively low thermal stability use temperatures must be kept below 275°F, due to the reversibility of the urethane linkage. Recently, polyurethanes with stability at 350°F for nearly 100 h have been claimed [2]. Polyether esters and polyether amides have been explored for PSA applications where their heat and plasticizer resistance is a benefit [3]. However, the high price of these materials and their multiblock architecture have limited their use. All of these crystalline block copolymers consist of multiblocks with relatively short, amorphous, polyether or polyester mid-blocks. Consequently they can not be diluted as extensively with tackifiers and diluents as styrenic triblock copolymers. Thereby it is more difficult to obtain strong, yet soft adhesives — the primary goals of adding rubber to hot melts. 

Group of plastics comprised of resins that are primarily long-chain synthetic polymeric amides. Tliese have recurring amide groups as an integral part of the principal polymer chain. 

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