Continental Europe

In unalloyed steel containers formamide discolors slowly during shipment and storage. Both copper and brass are also subject to corrosion, particularly in the presence of water. Lead is less readily attacked. Aluminum and stainless steel are resistant to attack by formamide and should be used for shipping and storage containers where the color of the product is important or when metallic impurities must be minimized. Formamide attacks natural mbber but not neoprene. As a result of the solvent action of formamide, most protective paints and finishes are unsatisfactory when in contact with formamide. Therefore, formamide is best shipped in containers made of stainless steel or in dmms made of, or coated with, polyethylene. Formamide supphed by BASF is packed in Lupolen dmms (230 kg) or Lupolen canisters (60 kg) both in continental Europe and overseas. 

Oscine, CgHiaOjN, This substance, for which the name scopolin is in use in continental Europe, was first examined by Hesse and later t Luboldt. It forms colourless, hygroscopic prismatic crystals, m.p. 109 from ether or light petroleum, and boils at 241-3°. cZZ-Oscine has bee resolved into the d- and Z-forms by King by crystallisation of tl d-hydrogen tartrates. The characters of the three forms of oscine and ( their picrates and hydrochlorides are tabulated on p. 87. 

The uses in the glass and ceramics industries reflect the diagonal relation between boron and silicon and the similarity of vitreous borate and silicate networks (pp. 203, 206 and 347). In the UK and continental Europe (but not in the USA or Japan) sodium perborate (p. 206) is a major constituent of washing powders since it hydrolyses to H2O2 and acts as a bleaching agent in very hot water ( 90°C) in the USA domestic washing machines rarely operate above 70°, at which temperature perborates are ineffective as bleaches. 

Lead sheet is used in the building industry throughout continental Europe and to a lesser extent Australia, but hardly at all in the USA. Other aspects of lead consumption follow the same general trends worldwide. 

The two most widely used coumarins are warfarin (US, Canada, and UK) and phenprocoumon (continental Europe). The long half-life (60 h) of prothrombin means that coumarin cannot achieve therapeutic anticoagulation for at least 5 days following initiation. Thus, for patients with acute thrombosis, oral anticoagulants are usually started only when the patient is receiving a rapidly active agent, usually UFH or LMWH. 

A further factor concerns the milieu in which the anxiety disorders are encountered. These are essentially detected, diagnosed and treated by primary-care practitioners. In the UK, for instance, less than 10% of such cases are referred to specialists, although the figure tends to be higher in the USA and continental Europe. General practitioners often make syndromal or even symptomatic assessments rather than diagnosing disorders, so it may be difficult to extrapolate across countries. 

Sharp and Dohme, RS/1 is used at several different laboratories in the U.S., Canada, the U.K. and continental Europe to share data. A large VAX installation supports users in different sites through a computer network. Collaborative projects between different laboratories, using data shared through the central system, have become common. 

Traditionally, butter was made by allowing cream to separate from the milk by standing the milk in shallow pans. The cream is then churned to produce a water in oil emulsion. Typically butter contains 15% of water. Butter is normally made either sweet cream or lactic, also known as cultured, and with or without added salt. Lactic butter is made by adding a culture, usually a mixture of Streptococcus cremoris, S. diacetylactis and Betacoccus cremoris. The culture produces lactic acid as well as various flavouring compounds, e.g. diacetyl, which is commonly present at around 3 ppm. As well as any flavour effect the lactic acid inhibits any undesirable microbiological activity in the aqueous phase of the butter. Sweet cream butter has no such culture added but 1.5 to 3% of salt is normally added. This inhibits microbiological problems by reducing the water activity of the aqueous phase. It is perfectly possible to make salted lactic butter or unsalted sweet cream butter if required. In the UK most butter is sweet cream while in continental Europe most butter is lactic. 

The spiral mixer process is sometimes called the continental no time process because these mixers originated in continental Europe where small bakers are much more common. Neither L-cysteine nor potassium bromate are needed. The only flour treatment needed is ascorbic acid. 

Arias, P. (1999). The origins of the Neolithic along the Atlantic coast of continental Europe a survey. Journal of World Prehistory 13 403-464. 

Meerts, P., and Van Isacker, N., 1997, Heavy metal tolerance and accumulation in metallicolous and non-metaUicolous populations of Thlaspi caerulescens from continental Europe, Plant Ecol. 133 221-231. 

The German Chemical Society (GDCh) is the largest chemical society in continental Europe with members from academy, industry, and other areas (GDCh 2007). The GDCh supports chemistry in teaching, research, and application and promotes the understanding of chemistry in the public. 

A well-assorted, international representation of authorship is evident in recent volumes of Advances the original British-American liaison on which the publication was founded has been substantially expanded to the international level. The present volume includes, in addition to contributions from North America and Great Britain, articles from continental Europe and, coincidentally, three separate chapters by authors based at different points on the African continent. 

Richard Overy has argued, victory was not pre-ordained in 1942. The Axis powers occupied most of continental Europe and much of the Far East. Unity of purpose on the part of the Allies could not be assumed. The Allies early defeats pointed to the need to improve the qualitative performance of their armed forces as well as of their equipment. Mobilisation of national economies depended upon a will to win on the part of the people. Only after Germany had surrendered on 8 May 1945 did a decisive weapon appear in the shape of the atomic bomb. ... 

In Britain, the manufacture of cordite had commenced in 1889 in the royal gunpowder factory at Waltham Abbey. The acetone, which was critical to the process, was made from the distillate collected from wood that was heated to a high temperature. The best wood for this purpose came from the forests of continental Europe, and it was therefore unavailable to the British after the start of World War i. But in 1915 a chance meeting solved this problem. C.P. Scott of The Manchester Guardian introduced David Lloyd George, the Minister of Munitions, to one Chaim Weizmann. 

Surveillance for residues is undertaken in the UK, Continental Europe and other countries throughout the world. As evidence for potential human health... 

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