Aluminum substrate

The birefringence of substrate materials for optical data storage devices requires special attention, especially in the case of EOD(MOR) disks. Birefringence has no importance for glass substrates (glass does not exhibit any significant birefringence) and is only a subordinate factor for polymeric protective layers of aluminum substrates because of their reflective read/write technique. 

Fig. 4. Examples of emission spectrometry as a diagnostic monitoring tool for plasma processing, (a) The removal of chlorine contamination from copper diode leads using a hydrogen—nitrogen plasma. Emissions are added together from several wavelengths, (b) The etching and eventual removal of a 50-p.m thick polyimide layer from an aluminum substrate, where (x ) and (° ) correspond to wavelengths (519.82 and 561.02 nm, respectively) for molecular CO2...

Copper conductive layer Insulating layer Aluminum substrate layer... 

Polytitanosiloxane (PTS) polymers containing Si—O—Ti linkages have also been synthesized through hydrolysis—polycondensation or hydrolysis—polycondensation—pyrolysis reactions involving clear precursor sol solutions consisting of monomeric silanes, TYZOR TET, methanol, water, and hydrochloric acid (Fig. 2). These PTS polymers could be used to form excellent corrosion protection coatings on aluminum substrates (171). 

Amorphous (vitreous) selenium, vacuum-deposited on an aluminum substrate such as a dmm or a plate, was the first photoconductor commercially used in xerography (6). It is highly photosensitive, but only to blue light (2). Its light absorption falls off rather rapidly above 550 nm. Because of the lack of photoresponse in the red or near infrared regions, selenium photoreceptors caimot be used in laser printers having He—Ne lasers (632.8 nm), or soHd-state lasers (680—830 nm). 

When films were deposited on aluminum substrates and then annealed at 180°C for 30 min, the bands near 3360 and 940 cm decreased significantly in intensity, indicating that adjacent hydroxyl groups condensed to form Si-O-Si linkages, increasing crosslinking in the films [15]. The band near 3650 cm did not... 

Fig. 14. RAIR spectra of a plasma polymerized silica-like film deposited onto a polished aluminum substrate (A) before and (B) after annealing at ISO C for 30 min. Film thickness was about 735 A. Reprinted by permission of Gordon and Breach Science Publishers from Ref. [15].

XPS was used to determine the surface composition of the anodized aluminum substrate during exposure to warm, moist environments. The information obtained was used to construct surface behavior diagrams that showed that hydration of the surface involved three steps [38]. Step one, which was reversible, consisted of adsorption of water onto the AIPO4 monolayer. The second step, which was rate-controlling, involves dissolution of the phosphate followed by rapid hydration... 

The Auger depth profile of an aluminum substrate that was anodized in phosphoric acid and then exposed to 100% relative humidity at 50°C for 73 h is... 

In primer formulations for adhesive bonding of metals, the coupling agents that are most frequently used are those based on epoxy and amine functionalities. Aqueous solutions of aminosilanes have been successfully used for obtaining stable adhesive bonds between epoxy and steel [10] and epoxy and titanium [11,12], while epoxy functional silanes are preferable for applications involving aluminum substrates [13,14], A simple solution of % epoxy functional silane in water is currently used for field repairs of military aircraft [15] where phosphoric acid anodization would be extremely difficult to carry out, and performance is deemed quite acceptable. 

The electrolyte was a mixture of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate containing 1 mol L LiPFfi. In order to attain a high-voltage charge, an aluminum substrate was used. The data in Fig. 50 were taken at the charge cutoff potential of 4.3... 

FIG. 35 6-(xm X 6-(xm SPFM images of sulfuric acid droplets on an aluminum substrate. Swelling... 

Optimum conditions for the formation of CdS by the acidic method on metallic A1 substrate at 25 °C have been reported as follows pH 2.3, potential -1 V vs. SCE, and electrolysis time > 2 h [44]. Thermal treatment improved the characteristics of the films and their photovoltaic properties, which were evaluated by evaporating a CU2S layer on the CdS/Al film, to form a heterojunction cell. The influence of the deposition substrate on the formation and morphology of CdS was found to be important. The aluminum substrates gave the best results among Pt, Mo, and Al. In the case of molybdenum, surface blocking by adsorbed sulfur was considered. 

Examples A, closed cell thermal insulation with high fire retardency and low smoke generation (52,54) B, pigmented APN coatings in aluminum substrates with low flammability, low flame spread, and low smoke (55) C, APN insulation and cable jacketing (56) D, open cell APN comfort cushioning (57). (Photograph courtesy of the Firestone Tire... 

A. Eftekhari, pH sensor based on deposited film of lead oxide on aluminum substrate electrode. Sens. Actuators B. 88, 234—238 (2003). 

Aluminum substrates, 9 709 Aluminum sulfate (alum), 2 345t, 357,... 

Figure 32. Comparison of developed profiles for charges per unit length of 0.3 X 10 Clem and 1.0 x 10 Ckm for PMMA on an aluminum substrate. The solid lines are from theory the broken lines are the experimental contours of Wolf et. al. (52)...

The rate of delamination is a function of the substrate metal and is very low in the case of aluminum substrates. 

Boerio, F. J. and Gosselin, C. A.. "Structure-Property Relationships of Silane Films on Aluminum Substrates." 36th Annual Conference Reinforced Plastics/Composites Institute, SPI. February 16-20. 1981. Session 2-G. 

Studies for the organophosphonates include the effects of solution pH on their adsorption onto the anodized aluminum substrates. Mechanisms are discussed for the respective interactions of the lonizable phosphonate and neutral silane compounds with two different polymeric epoxy systems. 

Similarly, aluminum substrate can be activated by a displacement reaction (56,59) ... 

Returning to the depletion discharge, it should be stressed that with thick films and a good blocking contact between a-Se and the preoxidized aluminum substrate, the depletion discharge process dominates. There are several reasons that amorphous selenium possesses good dark decay characteristics ... 

Aluminum/epoxy joints formed using FPL treated substrates exhibit very good initial adhesion strength. In addition, the FPL process is significantly easier to perform than the anodizing pretreatments. Therefore, if the FPL process could be modified so that the oxide layer produced is protected from hydration, it could once again become the pretreatment of choice for aluminum substrates. 

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