Tank trailers

Shipment, Storage, and Price. Butynediol, 35% solution, is available in tank cars, tank trailers, and dmms. Stainless steel, nickel, aluminum, glass, and various plastic and epoxy or phenoHc liners have ak been found satisfactory. Rubber hose is suitable for transferring. The solution is nonflammable and freezes at about —5°C. 

Shipment, Stora.ge, ndPrice. Butenediol is available in unlined steel tank cars, tank trailers, and various sized dmms. Because of its relatively high freezing point, tank cars are fitted with heating coils. The 1991 U.S. bulk price of technical grade butenediol was about 5.36 /kg. 

Shipment, Stora.ge, ndPrice. Tank cars and tank trailers, selected to prevent color formation, are of aluminum or stainless steel, or lined with epoxy or phenoHc resins dmms are lined with phenoHc resins. Flexible stainless steel hose is used for transfer. Because of butanediol s high freezing point (about 20°C) tank car coil heaters are provided. The U.S. Hst price for bulk quantities in 1991 was about 2.18/kg, but heavy discounting was prevalent for large contracts. 

The Department of Transportation classifies HCl as a corrosive material and requires that it be transported in DOT-approved deHvery vessels. Tank cars must conform to 103B, 103B-W, or DOT 111A60W5 specifications. Tank trailers must conform to DOT MC-310, MC-311, MC-312, or DOT-412 specifications with display of a corrosive placard on both sides, front, and rear of the tank. The United Nations identification number for muriatic acid is UN1789, which must appear on aH shipping papers and placards. 

Concentrations over 8 wt % are classified as corrosive Hquids by the Department of Transportation (DOT). The Bureau of Explosives regulation (132) classifies all solutions containing 20 wt % and greater as oxidizers and corrosives. The product containers must have identifying labels (dmms) or placards (tank cars, tank trailers) indicating that the contents are an oxidizer and corrosive material, UN 2014 or UN 2015. Bills of lading must also be so identified. Tank cars and tank trailers are constmcted from high purity aluminum or 300 series stainless steel. 

Shipment and Storage. 2-Pyrrohdinone is available in steel dmms and in aluminum or stainless-steel tank cars and tank trailers. Because of its high freezing point, bulk shipments are in tanks with heating coils. Heating with hot water rather than steam avoids product discoloration. Steel (qv), stainless steel, and aluminum are satisfactory materials for storage containers. Because 2-pyrrohdinone is hygroscopic, it must be protected from atmospheric moisture. 

Shipment, Stora.ge, ndPrice. l-Methyl-2-pyrrohdinone is available in tank cars or tank trailers as well as in dmms. Shipping containers are normally of unlined steel. Rubber hose is unsuitable for handling standard steel pipe or braided steel hose is acceptable. Ordinarily 1020 carbon steel (0550) is satisfactory as a storage material. Stainless-steel 304 and 316, nickel, and aluminum are also suitable. MethylpyrroHdinone is hygroscopic and must be protected from atmospheric moisture. In September 1994, NMP was Hsted at 3.89/kg. 

Shipment and Storage, Specifications. A/-Vinyl-2-pyrrohdinone is available in tank cars and tank trailers and in dmms of various sizes. Shipping containers are normally steel or stainless steel. Tank cars are provided with heating coils to facihtate unloading in cold weather. Rubber, epoxy, and epoxy—phenohc coatings are attacked and must be avoided. Carbon steel has been successfully used for storage tanks, but stainless steel preserves product quahty better. Aluminum and certain phenohc coatings are also satisfactory. 

Technical 48% and 62% acids are colorless to light yellow Hquids available in dmms, 15,140-L tank trailers, and 37,850-L tank cars. They are classified under DOT regulations as corrosive materials. Anhydrous hydrogen bromide is available in cylinders, under its vapor pressure of approximately 2.4 MPa (350 psi) at 25°C. It is classified as a nonflammable gas. 

Benzyl chloride is classified by DOT as chemicals NOIBN, poisonous, corrosive and a hazardous substance (100 lbs-45.45 kg). Benzal chloride is classified as poisonous and a hazardous substance (5000 lbs-2270 kg). Benzotrichloride is classified under DOT regulation as a corrosive Hquid NOS and a hazardous substance (10 lbs-4.5 kg). The Freight Classification Chemical NOI appHes. It is shipped in lacquer-lined steel dmms and nickel-lined tank trailers. Benzal chloride is handled in a similar fashion. 

On several occasions tank trailers have tipped up because the rear compartments were emptied first, as shown in Figure 13-1. 

Figure 13-1. A tank trailer may tip up if the rear compartments are emptied first.

Some tank trailers are fitted with folding legs. Some designs are difficult to lubricate adequately and difficult to maintain, and as a result, a number have collapsed. 

Sample problem 9.1.6. demonstrated the calculation of the thermal radiation from a BLEVE of a tank trailer. This 6000-U.S.-gallon (22.7 m ) trailer was 90% filled... 

Anhydrous HBr is available in cylinders (6.8-kg and 68-kg capacity) under its own vapour pressure (24 atm at 25°C) and in lecture bottles (450-g capacity). Its main industrial use is in the manufacture of inorganic bromides and the synthesis of alkyl bromides either from alcohols or by direct addition to alkenes. HBr also catalyses numerous organic reactions. Aqueous HBr (48% and 62%) is available as a corrosive pale-yellow liquid in drums or in large tank trailers (15 0001 and 38 0001). 

Figure 8-66 RP (glass fiber-TS polyester plastic) tank trailers are used for hauling corrosive and hazardous materials. In Canada they meet code 312 to operate.

In an incident involving corrosive attack on aluminium by sodium hydroxide solution, the vigorous evolution of hydrogen was noticed before a tank trailer (supposed to be mild steel) had perforated [1], Corrosion caused failure of an aluminium coupling between a pressure gauge and a pump, causing personal contamination [2],... 

Diketene residues in a tank trailer awaiting incineration decomposed violently on standing, blew off the dome cover and ignited [1]. The risk of autoignition during the exothermic dimerisation of diketene to dehydroacetic acid is eliminated by operating in a non-flammable solvent [2], It produces a moderate pressure rise on exothermic decomposition at 125°C [3],... 

Chemical compatibility is another important factor to reckon with in material selection as in the case of butterfly valves which are frequently used in industrial fluid flow systems where the valves are operated to load and unload different kinds of fluids for shipment or storage. These applications include tank trailers for transportation of fluids from one location to another as well as fluid flow pipelines. A typical butterfly valve usually incorporates a resilient rubber seal component which the valve pivots to seal off the flow lines and when opened allows the fluid to be conveyed to the flow line. The chemicals transported in tanks using butterfly valves are often caustic or acidic. These chemicals corrode the pivot area of the valve making its function ineffective. The rubber gasket material prevents leakage while the valve chamber is protected by a chemically resistant rubber material. 

Engineers determined that a nitrogen valve was opened to the hose connected to the tank trailer manifold. The nitrogen gas never entered because there was a closed valve atop the tank. It seems the truck driver misunderstood the recent nitrogen supply piping modification the open and closed positions on this oval handle ball valve. 

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