Aluminium chlorate

Aluminium borohydride Aluminium chloride Aluminium chlorate Ammonium tetrachloroaluminate Aluminium fluoride Aluminium trihydroxide Aluminium ammonium sulphate Aluminium potassium sulphate Aluminium nitride Aluminium nitrate Sodium aluminate Aluminium sodium aluminate Aluminium phosphate Aluminium phosphide Aluminium borate Aluminium oxychloride Aluminium fluorosilicate Aluminium magnesium silicate Aluminium sulphate... 

Aluminium chlorate, 0065 Barium chlorate, 0205 Cadmium chlorate, 3952 Chloric acid, 3996 Lead(II) chlorate, 4105 Magnesium chlorate, 4083 Manganese(II) chlorate, 4087 Potassium chlorate, 4017 Silver chlorate, 0011 Sodium chlorate, 4039 Zinc chlorate, 4106 See Other METAL HALOGENATES... 

Aluminium chlorate, 0065 Barium chlorate, 0205 Cadmium chlorate, 3946 Chloric acid, 3990... 

D. K. Dobroserdoff. 1904. Gonditions of the interaction between aniline vapour and aluminium chlorate solution. Zh Russ Fiziko-Khim Obshch 36 483-485, From / Chem Soc, Abstr 86,1, 661 (1904). 

Urea possesses negligible basic properties (Kb = 1.5 x 10 l4), is soluble in water and its hydrolysis rate can be easily controlled. It hydrolyses rapidly at 90-100 °C, and hydrolysis can be quickly terminated at a desired pH by cooling the reaction mixture to room temperature. The use of a hydrolytic reagent alone does not result in the formation of a compact precipitate the physical character of the precipitate will be very much affected by the presence of certain anions. Thus in the precipitation of aluminium by the urea process, a dense precipitate is obtained in the presence of succinate, sulphate, formate, oxalate, and benzoate ions, but not in the presence of chloride, chlorate, perchlorate, nitrate, sulphate, chromate, and acetate ions. The preferred anion for the precipitation of aluminium is succinate. It would appear that the main function of the suitable anion is the formation of a basic salt which seems responsible for the production of a compact precipitate. The pH of the initial solution must be appropriately adjusted. 

Calcium chlorate reacts dangerously as do metal chlorates. This occurs with interactions of this compound with carbon, aluminium, metal sulphides, sulphur and phosphorus. 

Antimony trichloride vapour in contact with powdered aluminium causes the ignition of aluminium. Note that the aluminium/alkaline chlorates interaction is catalysed by aluminium trifluoride, is it due to a specific role played by fluoride ion ... 

A pyrotechnic mixture of sulphide/potassium chlorate/aluminium has led to regular detonations. This sulphide incandesces as soon as it is in contact with chloric acid. Mixtures of antimony trisuiphide with alkaline nitrates, which are probably used for pyrotechnic purposes, also lead to detonations. Bengal lights has been made with this mixture, which was used in small quantities in mixtures and no accidents were experienced. Finally, dichlorine oxide detonates in contact with this sulphide. 

In one Instance, a pyrotechnic preparation, which contained aluminium, water traces, potassium chlorate and potassium and barium nitrates detonated violently twenty four hours after teing prepared. A mixture of barium nitrate, aluminium and magnesium proves very sensitive to friction or impact (risk of ignition or spontaneous detonation). 

In a thermite process to produce chromium metal, the mechanically-mixed ingredients were ignited in a large crucible and the reaction proceeded smoothly. When the mixer broke down, manual mixing was used but gave poorer dispersion of the constituents. An explosion after ignition is attributed to a high local concentration of sodium chlorate and aluminium powder in the mixture. 

Mixtures of aluminium powder with liquid chlorine, dinitrogen tetraoxide or tetran-itromethane are detonable explosives, but not as powerful as aluminium-liquid oxygen mixtures, some of which exceed TNT in effect by a factor of 3 to 4 [1], Mixtures of the powdered metal and various bromates may explode on impact, heating or friction. Iodates and chlorates act similarly [2], Detonation properties of gelled slurries of aluminium powder in aqueous nitrate or perchlorate salt solutions have been studied [3], Reactions of aluminium powder with potassium chlorate or potassium perchlorate have been studied by thermal analysis [4],... 

Tricopper diphosphide and trimercury tetraphosphide form impact-sensitive mixtures with potassium chlorate. By analogy, the phosphides of aluminium, magnesium, silver and zinc, etc., would be expected to form similar mixtures with metal halogenates. 

The rubber belt of a bucket elevator, fitted with aluminium buckets and used for transporting solid chlorate, jammed during use. Friction from the rotating drive pulley heated and powdered the jammed belt. A violent explosion consumed all the rubber belt and most of the 90 aluminium buckets. Bronze and steel equipment is now installed. 

MRH Aluminium 10.71/33, iron 4.35/50, magnesium 10.88/40, manganese 5.06/50, sodium 5.56/55, phosphorus 7.32/25, sulfur 4.27/20 Mixtures of the chlorate with ammonium salts, powdered metals, phosphorus, silicon, sulfur or sulfides are readily ignited and potentially explosive [1], Residues of ammonium thiosulfate in a bulk road tanker contaminated the consignment of dry sodium chlorate subsequently loaded, and exothermic reaction occurred with gas evolution during several hours. Laboratory tests showed that such a mixture could be made to decompose explosively. A reaction mechanism is suggested. 

The BASF route started from hydroquinone, which was converted to 2,5-dihydroterephthalic acid by a Kolbe-Schmitt reaction. One mole of this acid was treated with two moles of an arylamine, both components being in the form of a suspension in aqueous methanol. This was added to a small amount of a solution of vanadium(III) chloride and sodium chlorate. Gentle heating gave a 95% yield of 2,5-bis(arylamino)benzo-l,4-quinone-3,6-dicarboxylic acid. Ring closure to the trans-quinacridonequinone took place in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid at 60-80 °C. This was then reduced to the required crude pigment by zinc or aluminium powder in caustic soda under pressure,in an aluminium chloride/urea melt or by the use of a sulphuric acid/polyphosphoric acid mixture. 

Small portions of mixtures of magnesium powder with aluminium powder, with various oxidants (barium peroxide, barium nitrate, potassium chlorate, or even dry... 

Intimate mixtures of chlorates, bromates or iodates of barium, cadmium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium or zinc, with finely divided aluminium, arsenic, copper carbon, phosphorus, sulfur hydrides of alkali- and alkaline earth-metals sulfides of antimony, arsenic, copper or tin metal cyanides, thiocyanates or impure manganese dioxide may react violently or explosively, either spontaneously (especially in presence of moisture) or on initiation by heat, friction, impact, sparks or addition of sulfuric acid [1], Mixtures of sodium or potassium chlorate with sulfur or phosphorus are rated as being exceptionally dangerous on frictional initiation. 

See Sodium chlorate Aluminium, Rubber Metal azides... 

French Commercial Explosives of Non-Permissible Type. See Vol 3, p C438. Included as >rf 1966 were Explosifs antigri-souteux Explosifs chlorate s ou Explosifsdu Type OC, also known as Cheddites Explosifs nitrates ou Explosifs du type N Explosifs nitrates a la pentqllite Explosifs nitrates d 1 aluminium Explosifs nitrates resistant a 1 eau Explosifs plastiques ... 

G. S. Serullas treated potassium chlorate with an excess of hydrofluosilicic acid the clear liquid was decanted from the sparingly soluble potassium fluosilicate, the soln. evaporated below 30°, and filtered through glass powder J. J. Berzelius evaporated the acid liquid mixed with finely divided silica below 30° in air, or over cone, sulphuric acid and potassium hydroxide in vacuo. The excess of hydrofluoric acid was volatilized as silicon fluoride, and the clear liquid was then filtered from the excess of silica. R. Bottger treated sodium chlorate with oxalic acid whereby sparingly soluble sodium oxalate was formed J. L. Wheeler, and T. B. Munroe treated sodium chlorate with hydrofluosilicic acid and M. Brandau treated potassium chlorate with aluminium sulphate and sulphuric acid and precipitated the alum so formed with alcohol. Chloric acid is formed in many reactions with hypochlorous and chlorous acid for example, it is formed when an aq. soln. of chlorine or hypochlorous or chlorous acid decomposes in light. It is also formed when an aq. soln. of chlorine dioxide stands in darkness or in light. A mixture of alkali chlorate and chlorite is formed when an aq. soln. of an alkali hydroxide is treated with chlorine dioxide. 

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