Rubber to metal

The hydrohalide is liable to dehydrochlorination, particularly when moist acid is used in its preparation, so that hydrochloric acid acceptors such as lead carbonate are useful stabilisers. Dibutyl phthalate and tritolyl phosphate are effective plasticisers. Rubber hydrochloride is used as a packaging film (Pliofilm) and as a rubber-to-metal bonding agent (e.g. Typly). 

Tsai et al. have used RAIR extensively in investigations of plasma polymerized acetylene films as primers for rubber-to-metal bonding [12]. Fig. 12 shows RAIR spectra of films having a thickness between about 5.7 and 90.0 nm. A strong band... 

Non-corrosion-inhibiting primers Corrosion-inhibiting primers Inorganic barrier primers Rubber to metal primers... 

Buchan, S., Rubber to Metal Bonding. Crosby Lockwood and Son, London, 1948. 

Report 87 Rubber to Metal Bonding, B.G. Crowther, Rapra Technology Ltd. Report 114 Developments in Polyacetylene - Nanopolyacetylene, V.M. Kobryanskii, Russian Academy of Sciences. 

A.H. Muhr, A.G. Thomas, and J.K. Varkey, A fracture mechanics study of natural rubber-to-metal bond failure, J. Adhesion Set TechnoL, 10, 593-616, 1996. 

An isomeric derivative of natural rubber produced by a variety of chemical treatments. The products are resinous and find application as reinforcing agents in natural rubber compounds (particularly in shoe soles) and as rubber-to-metal adhesives. 

The application of instrumentation to the automatic control of a sequence of operations, e.g., injection moulding processes. Once the mould has been loaded with inserts (assuming a rubber to metal bonded part) into the press, the operation of a push-button starts the controller which closes the press, injects the rubber, controls the cure cycle, recharges the injection unit, opens the press, operates the ejectors and presents the mould for cleaning and loading of inserts. 

The other method is to use a transfer mould where the blank is placed in a pot portion of the mould and then picks up further heat as it passes into the cavity. This method is frequently adopted for rubber-to-metal bonded, large and complex components. 

Report 87 Rubber to Metal Bonding, B.G. Crowther, Rapra Technology Ltd. 

The adhesives were applied according to manufacturers directions to scaled down models of an application. Failure of the vulcanized, rubber to metal bond was detected by a loss of resistance resulting from the establishment of a leak path under the rubber. The samples were connected electrically to the zinc anode. The temperature, specific gravity, electrical conductivity and pH of the solutions were monitored during the test. 

Gent, A.N. and Kaang, S.Y. (1989). Pull-out and push-out tests for rubber-to-metal adhesion. Rubber Chem. Technol. 62, 757-766. 

Waldo Semon was responsible for bringing many of the PVC products to market. As a young scientist at BF Goodrich, he worked on ways to synthesize rubber and to bind the rubber to metal. In his spare time, he discovered that PVC, when mixed with certain liquids, gave an elastic-like, pliable material that was rainproof, fire resistant, and did not conduct electricity. Under the trade name Koroseal, the rubbery material came into the marketplace, beginning around 1926, as shower curtains, raincoats, and umbrellas. During World War II, PVC became the material of choice to protest electrical wires for the Air Force and Navy. Another of his inventions was the SR patented under the name Ameripol that was dubbed liberty rubber since it replaced NR in the production of tires, gas masks, and other military equipment. Ameripol was a butadiene-type material. 

Rubber to metal bonding is a generic phrase covering a number of interdependent processes. The rubber bonded units that result from the process are used for the isolation of noise and vibration in automotive, engineering and chemical industry applications, such as in rubber lining of process equipment. 

Several years ago the subject was regarded as a "black art". Now the technology allows the production of a uniform, high quality product that is free from failure. Much of the science behind the technology remains cloaked in uncertainty, but it is sure to become an important part of future developments. Today, environmental concerns have an impact on all aspects of commerce. Rubber-to-metal bonding is no exception, so the process is changing to reflect these concerns. 

Chlorinated rubber is also an effective bonding agent. It can be used for bonding neoprene, nitrile and natural rubbers to metals. Phenol formaldehyde resins have been used alone or in conjunction with chlorinated rubbers, but curing time is lengthy. 

Fred Gage, Dayton Chemical products Laboratory,Rubber to Metal Bonding, journal of the IRI, February 1968, Vol. 2, Number 1. 

Adhesion tests of rubber to metal or rubber to fabric is to be done in counter samples kept along with the products in the curing equipment. 

This method is often used for heavy mouldings. Inserts in a mould cavity tend to be displaced as they are positioned in an open mould. Often used for metal inserts. Better adhesion of rubber to metal or fabric is obtained. Specialty elastomeric compositions are to be designed to make high quality products. 

Bonding agent - An adhesive used to bond rubber to metal or fabric. 

Figure 18-1. Rubber to metal bond strength, modes of straining, (a) 90° peel (b) shear (c) direct tension (d) direct tension with conical end pieces.

In service, rubber to metal bonds are often required to withstand harsh environments. Dillard et al29 considered several techniques to evaluate the effect of corrosive conditions and Bjork and Stenberg30 found loading during exposure to be better than unstrained exposure for determining the effect of water. Ostman and Persson31 in a study of the effect of metal surface texture also found a creep peel method the most effective. These approaches are reflected in the ASTM D429 Methods G and H discussed above. 

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