Aluminium oxychloride

Aluminium borohydride Aluminium chloride Aluminium chlorate Ammonium tetrachloroaluminate Aluminium fluoride Aluminium trihydroxide Aluminium ammonium sulphate Aluminium potassium sulphate Aluminium nitride Aluminium nitrate Sodium aluminate Aluminium sodium aluminate Aluminium phosphate Aluminium phosphide Aluminium borate Aluminium oxychloride Aluminium fluorosilicate Aluminium magnesium silicate Aluminium sulphate... 

L. I. Ryabova, N. B. Savenok, N. A. Mariampolskij, L. M. Surova, and D. F. Kovalev. Plugging solution—contains Portland cement, aluminium oxychloride, water and phosphonium complexone in form of e.g., oxy-ethylidene diphosphonic acid. Patent SU 1802086-A, 1993. 

Aluminium oxychloride Unknown s Antimony trichloride Unknown s... 

In drop-coagulation to form beads of alumina hydroxide, the top of a column holding oil and 100°C is fed with a blend of a sol of aluminium oxychloride and hcxamcthylcnc tctraminc. Under the influence of the temperature, the amine is decomposed to liberate ammonia, which neutralizes the chloride ions. The product is then ripened, dried, calcined and can be used as a support for reforming catalysts or hydrodesulfurization catalysts [2], In the same way. a silica sol feeding the bottom of a column of trichloroethylene at around 75 °C permits obtaining silica beads at the top. 

The preparation of 4-methylcoumarin is an example of the Pechmann reaction, which consists in the interaction of a phenol with a 3-ketonic ester In the presence of a condensing agent (sulphuric acid, aluminium chloride, phosphorus oxychloride or pho.sphoric oxide) ... 

Benzaldehyde.—The aldehydes of the aromatic seiies may also be obtained by the oxidation of a methyl side-chain with chromium oxychloride. The solid brown product, C,H,.CH.)(CrO,CL)2, formed by adding C1O2CIJ to toluene, dissolved in carbon bisulphide, is decomposed with water, and benzaldehyde sepaiates out (Etard). Other methods for pie-paring aromatic aldehydes are (i) the Fiiedel-Crafts reaction, in which a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride aie passed into the hydrocaibon in presence of aluminium chloride and a little cuprous chloride,... 

Dangerous materials may require special equipment. Chlorination with gaseous chlorine requires quite expensive storage facilities. Chlorination with chlorine, thionyl chloride, sulphuryl chloride, phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus trichloride, or phosphorus pentachloride, all of which are fairly hazardous, requires off-gas treatment. Some of these reactants can be recycled. Pyrophoric solids such as hydrogenation catalysts, anhydrous aluminium trichloride for Friedel-Crafts reactions, or hydrides used as reducing agents should usually be handled using special facilities. Therefore, all of the above proce.sses are usually carried out in dedicated plants. 

Ethylene-propylene (30-60 mole per cent) copolymers produce substances which are rubbery in nature. They are prepared by using Ziegler catalysts based on vanadium oxychloride/aluminium trihexyl by solution process at 40°C using chlorobenzene or pentane as a solvent. These can be vulcanised with peroxides. Ethylene-propylene-hexa 1, 4-diene terpolymers are rubbers which can be vulcanised with sulphur. 

This method is very useful for the construction of 1-substituted 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines, which if necessary can be oxidized to isoquinolines. A P-phenylethylamine (l-amino-2-phenylethane) is the starting material, and this is usually preformed by reacting an aromatic aldehyde with nitromethane in the presence of sodium methoxide, and allowing the adduct to eliminate methanol and give a P-nitrostyrene (l-nitro-2-phenylethene) (Scheme 3.17). This product is then reduced to the p-phenylethylamine, commonly by the action of lithium aluminium hydride. Once prepared, the p-phenylethylamine is reacted with an acyl chloride and a base to give the corresponding amide (R = H) and then this is cyclized to a 3,4-dihydro-isoquinoline by treatment with either phosphorus pentoxide or phosphorus oxychloride (Scheme 3.18). Finally, aromatization is accomplished by heating the 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline over palladium on charcoal. 

Chabrie, Bull. Soc. chim., 1889, [iii], 2, 788. Selenium oxychloride in the presence of aluminium chloride and selemous anhydride also reacts with benzene. 

U. J. J. Leverrier exposed to air a soln. of phosphorus in ether or in phosphorus trichloride, washed the product in warm water, and dried it in vacuo over sulphuric acid. The analysis corresponded with phosphorus tetritoxide, P40. B. Reinitzer and H. Goldschmidt obtained a similar product by the action of phosphorus oxychloride on zinc, magnesium, or aluminium at 100°, or on yellow phosphorus at 250°. They added that the substance obtained with yellow phosphorus has the composition of phosphorus tetritoxide, but not its properties. Its properties approximate closely to those of red phosphorus. 

During studies on the total synthesis of Aspidosperma type alkaloids, unexpected difficulty was encountered in attempts to reduce the amide carbonyl group of the intermediate 1. Thus, many attempts to reduce 1 with lithium aluminium hydride resulted in reduction of both the amide carbonyl group and the C=C double bond. In an effort to circumvent this problem 1 was reacted with hot phosphorus oxychloride and the intermediate thus obtained treated with sodium borohydride in anhydrous methanol. The product which was isolated, however, was the pentacyclic compound 2, which was obtained in 50% yield. 

Protopine has been isolated from Bocconia frutescens,110 Fumaria judaica,111 F. schleicheri,112 and Papaver bracteatum,146 cryptopine from F. schleicheri,112 and allocryptopine from B. frutescens110 and Zanthoxylum nitidum.141 The protopine ring-system has been prepared from tetrahydrobenzindenoazepines (75) by photo-oxidation to the amides (76) followed by reduction with lithium aluminium hydride and re-oxidation with manganese dioxide.148-150 The tetrahydrobenzindenoazepines have been prepared from A-chloroacetyl-/ -phenylethylamines (73) by cyclization to the lactam (74) followed by reaction with a benzyl bromide and phosphorus oxychloride. -Protopine (77 R R2 — CH2)148 and fagarine II (77 R1 = R2 = Me)149 have been synthesized in this way. 

An important fact to remember is that an interaction of a metal precursor with an oxide support modifies the support and very often a part of the support dissolves [33]. So, for example, aluminium from AI2O3 appears in the liquid phase as chloride, oxychloride, hydroxynitrate, etc. The same holds for oxides of V, Ta, Nb, Ti, Zr and others. On the other hand, silica can be partially dissolved when NH3-containing precursors are used. When water or another solvent is removed upon drying, the species formed from the support can appear on the surface of the precursor crystallites and finally, after reduction, on the metal. (Note, a high temperature reduction would remove a volatile AICI3, a low temperature reduction would not.) For certain reactions this could be a way of creating promoters from the support. 

Butter of Zinc, smoke known as hexite respiratory and eye irritant. Common mixture is the zinc chloride smoke mixture (HC), consisting of hex-achloroethane, fine-grained aluminium and zinc oxide. The smoke consists mainly of zinc chloride, zinc oxychlorides and hydrochloric acid. Its toxicity is caused mainly by the content of strongly acidic hydrochloric acid, but also to thermal effects of the reaction of zinc chloride with water. Lesions of the mucous membranes of the airways, dyspnea, retrosternal pain, hoarseness, stridor, lachrymation, cough, expectoration, and in some cases haemoptysis. Delayed pulmonary... 

AR grade acetic anhydride, dodecatugstophasphoric acid-a heteropolyacid (HPA), zirconium oxychloride, anhydrous aluminium chloride, sodium carbonate and ammonium sulphate were obtained from s.d.Fine Chem. Ltd, Mumbai. 2-MON (yarayara) was obtained from Aerofine Industries Ltd, Mumbai. Amberlyst-15 was procured from Rohm and Huss, USA., and Indion-130 from Ion Exchange (India) Ltd. These catalysts were used as such. Zeolites ZSM-5, Y and Mordenite were obtained from M/s Associated Cement Company (ACC), India. Commercially available acid treated KIO montmorillonite clay was obtained from Fluka. SWy-2 (Wyoming Na -montmorillonite) was obtained from Clay Minerals Society, Source Clay Minerals Repository, Missouri University, Columbia, USA. 

Substituted-4,9-dihydro-4,6-dimethyl- l/7-imidazo[l,2-u]purin-9-ones, wyosine triacetate 175 (88T1273), gave with phosphorus oxychloride exclusively 2,3,5 -tri-(9 - acetyl - 7- to rmy lwy o sine 176, with bromodimethyl-phosphonium bromide the 7-bromo derivative of 176 and with iodine the iodo derivative of 176. Over one-day, the action of anhydrous aluminium chloride resulted in a migration of the saccharide moiety from position 3 to position 1 to gave the 4,9-dihydro-4,6-dimethyl-l-(2/,3/,5/-tri-0-acetyl-j6-D-ribofuranosyl)-l/7-imidazo[l,2-a]purin-9-one (177). The position of the ribofuranosyl substituent was given by 15N-NMR (Scheme 52). 

By contrast, reaction of phloroglucinol with 3,3-dimethylacrylic acid (3-methylbut-2-enoic acid) in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride and phosphorus oxychloride by agitation during 5 hours at ambient temperature gave a 90% yield of 2,2-dimethyl-5,7-dihydroxychroman-4-one (ref.9). 

Slag modification can be achieved by the use of aluminium hydroxide and aluminium oxide that may be called "activated alumina". Radway and Hoffman [1987] conclude that aluminium trihydrate (AlfOH) is to be preferred to aluminium oxide because it is "softer" and less abrasive causing less wear on burner tips. Aluminium compounds have been used in conjunction with copper oxychloride to modify slag in coal firing operations. 

By a corresponding reaction with phosphorus oxychloride in the presence of aluminium chloride and other catalysts such as ferric chloride, iodine, etc., trichloroethyl phosphate can be prepared in a stepwise fashion. This and related compounds possess the property of reducing the inflammability of organic materials and are recommended for special clothing. 

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