Alpha fetoprotein marker

Sell, A., Sogaard, H., et al, Serum alpha-fetoprotein as a marker for the effect of post-operative radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy in eight cases of ovarian endodermal sinus tumour. Int. J. Cancer. 18(5), 574-580(1976). 

Pitkanen S, Salo MK, Kuusela P, Holmberg C, Simell O, Heikinheimo M, Serum levels of oncofetal markers CA 125, CA 19-9, and alpha-fetoprotein in children with hereditary tyrosincmia type I, Pediatr. Res., 35 205-208, 1994. 

Modified from Sell S. Cancer markers. In Moossa AR, Schempff SC, Robson MC, eds. Compreliensive textbook of oncology, 2nd ed, Vol. 1, Baltimore Williams Wilkins, 1991 225-38. hCG, Human chorionic gonadotropin ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone AFP, alpha fetoprotein CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen. 

Taketa K. Alpha-fetoprotein in the 1990s. In Sell S, ed. Serological cancer markers. Totowa, NJ Humana Press, 1992 31-46. 

Khien V, Mao H, Chinh T, Ha P, Bang M, Lac B, et al. Clinical evaluation of lentil lectin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein-L3 in histology-proven hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Biol Markers 2001 16 105-11. 

Figure 54-10 A comparison of the associations between gestational age and the four second trimester maternal serum markers for Down syndrome. For each of the analytes, the median at 15 weeks gestation has been assigned a value of 100%. Each subsequent median is represented as a percentage of that initial median. The marker that has the weakest association with gestational age is dimeric inhibin A (DIA).The strongest associations are found for unconjugated estriol (uEa) and chorionic gonadotropin (CG).The association between gestational age and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is intermediate.

Chu PG, Ishizawa S, Wu E, Weiss LM. Hepatocyte antigen as a marker of hepatocellular carcinoma an immunohistochemical comparison to carcinoembryonic antigen, CD 10, and alpha-fetoprotein. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002 26 978-988. 

Alpha-fetoprotein and glypican-3 are the most useful markers for yolk sac tumor. 

Alpha-fetoprotein Amniocentesis Antispermatozoal antibody Breast cancer genetic screening Breast scintography Breast sonogram CA 27.29 and CA 15-3 tumor markers... 

Alpha-fetoprotein (.AFP) is synthesized by the fetal liver. In normal adults it is present in plasma at low concentrations (<2() ig/l). Measurement of AFP is of value in the investigation of hepatocellular carcinoma in which serum concentrations are increased in 80-9()9f of ca.ses. AFP is also used as a marker for germ cell tumours (pp. 130-131). 

Primary hepatoniii is assrK iuted with a number of conditions such as cirrhosis or hepatitis, although a number of causative carcinogens, such as allatoxins generated by specific fungi infecting foodstuffs, have been identified. Alpha-fetoprotein is a useful marker of primary hepatic tumours (pp. 130-131). 

Dolezalova, V., P. Stratil, M. Simickova, A. Kocent, and R. Nemecek. 1983. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and a-2-macroglobulin (a2-M) as the markers of distinct responses of hepato-cytes to carcinogens in the rat Carcinogenesis. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 417 294-307. 

In HCC altered liver function is often determined by the underlying disease, such as hepatitis and cirrhosis, which may also settle the overall life quality and expectancy. The most reliable laboratory parameters for liver function are prothrombin time, albumin, and bilirubin, where normal values indicate a significantly better outcome in any therapy (Tateishi et al. 2005 Varela et al. 2003). Tumor markers such as alpha-fetoprotein - significantly elevated in HCC in about two-thirds of cases - and C-reactive protein maybe used mainly for follow-up to assess the response (Hashimoto et al. 2005). 

Listed in Table 22.1 are different tumor markers for certain types of cancer, with their primary applications and the techniques related with their discovery process. Among them the alpha 1 fetoprotein and CEA are the most frequently exploited. 

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