04-Fetoprotein

Enzyme immunosensors are employed for the determination of Hepatitis B surface antigen, IgG, alpha-fetoprotein, estradiol, theophylline, insulin [9004-10-8] and alburnin (69,70). However, these immunosensors generally have slow response times and slow reversibiUty (57). 

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops in patients with chronic liver diseases associated with hepatitis B and hepatitis C vims infections with high incidences. Here, an acyclic retinoid has been shown to suppress the posttherapeutic recurrence after interferon-y or glycerrhicin treatment in cirrhotic patients who underwent curative treatment of preceding tumors. The retinoid induced the disappearance of serum lectin-reactive a-fetoprotein (AFP-L3), a tumor marker indicating the presence of unrecognizable tumors in the remnant liver, suggesting a deletion of such minute (pre)malignant clones (clonal deletion). As a molecular mechanism of the clonal deletion, a novel mechanism of... 

K., Abe, O., and Saito, K. (1987). Antitumor effect of adria-mycin entrapped in liposomes conjugated with anti-human alfa-fetoprotein monoclonal antibody, Cancer Res., 47, 4471-4477. 

The monitoring of pregnancies for neural tube defects Is the most recent of the Indications for prenatal diagnosis In families In which one child has been affected, the risk of recurrence Is approximately 4% Of the 16 pregnancies In which amniocentesis was done to determine the level of a-fetoprotein, no affected fetuses were found ... 

K. H. and Hultqulst, A. "Alpha-Fetoprotein In Antenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Nephrosis". Lancet, (1975), 1, 432-433. 

Mclssac and Joshl, M. S. "Prenatal Detection of Neural Tube Defects. Comparison Between Alpha Fetoprotein and Beta-Trace Protein Assays". Amer. J. Obstet. Gynecol,... 

Wald, N. J. Brock, D. J. H. and Bonnar, J. "Prenatal Diagnosis of Spina Bifida and Anencephaly by Maternal Serum - Alpha-Fetoprotein Measurement. A Controlled Study". 

Irony-Tur-Sinai M, Grigoriadis N, Lourbopoulos A, Pinto-Maaravi F, Abramsky O, Brenner T (2006) Amelioration of autoimmune neuroinflammation by recombinant human alpha-fetoprotein. Exp Neurol 198 136-144... 

In oncology, to study the relationship between the normal and the tumour cell, to detect tumour-associated antigens (CEA, carcino-embryonic antigen, and AFP, a-fetoprotein) and subsequently to enable cancer therapy to be monitored, to locate tumour metastases, and to deliver cytotoxic drugs, toxins, radionuclides, or liposomes to tumour cells. 

Catalase has also been used as an enzyme label in competitive heterogeneous enzyme immunoassays. Catalase generates oxygen from hydrogen peroxide with the oxygen determined amperometrically with an oxygen electrode. This approach has been demonstrated for a-fetoprotein theophylline and human serum albumin... 

Alkaline phosphatase 1 0-1 S years 1 6-20 years Greater than 20 years Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)... 

Morinaga, T., Yasuda, H., Hashimoto, T Higashio, K., and Tamaoki, T. (1991). A human alpha-fetoprotein enhancer-binding protein, ATBF1, contains four homeodomains and seventeen zinc fingers. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11 6041-6049. 

Lee, D.S.C., and Criffiths, B.W. (1984) Comparative studies of Iodo-Bead and chloramine-T methods for the radioiodination of human alpha-fetoprotein./. Immunol. Meth. 74, 181-189. 

J.G. Guan, Y.Q. Miao, and J.R. Chen, Prussian blue modified amperometric FIA biosensor one-step immunoassay for a-fetoprotein. Biosens. Bioelectron. 19, 789—794 (2004). 

An immuno assay for a-1-fetoprotein has been developed with microgels by binding antibodies to their surface [291,375]. With corresponding antigenes in solution these microgels aggregate to form much larger particles which can be detected by photon correlation spectroscopy. 

Panduro, A., et al., Transcriptional switch from albumin to alpha-fetoprotein and changes in transcription of other genes during carbon tetrachloride induced liver regeneration, Biochemistry, 25, 1986. 

Pre J, Vassy R. 1993. Cigarette smoking and serum levels of alpha-1 fetoprotein carcinoembryonic antigen cancer antigens 125 and 19-9 Neurone-specific enolase. Med Sci Res 21(12) 445-446. 

CXi globulins a lipoprotein (apoA) CXi-antitrypsin Alpha fetoprotein CXi acid glycoprotein... 

Figure 14.8. Enzymatically-amplified TR-FIA ofa-fetoprotein (AFP), using streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase conjugate (SA-ALP) and 5-lluorosalicyl phosphate (FSAP) to generate 5 fluorosalicylic acid (FSA). The FSA comhines with terbium-EDTA to form a bright, fluorescent complex. (Adapted from Ref. 83 with permission.) (01992, American Chemical Society).

W. K Wang, L. T. Ho, and Y. Chiang, Space-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for quantifying os-fetoprotein in serum, Clin. Chem. 39, 1659-1661 (1993). 

M. A. Chan, A. C. Bellem, and E. P. Diamandis, Time-resolved immunofluorometric assay of alpha-fetoprotein in serum and amniotic fluid with a novel detection system, Clin. Chem. 33, 2000-2003 (1987). 

Alpha-fetoprotein Major protein of fetal serum cancers Hepatocellular... 

The increased risk of trisomy with advanced maternal age motivates more than half of pregnant women in North America to undergo prenatal diagnosis (most commonly, amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling, discussed in Oiapter 6). Down syndrome can also be screened by assaying maternal serum levels of a-fetoprotein, chorionic gonadotropin, and unconjugated estriol. This so-called triple screen can detect approximately 70% of fetuses with Down syndrome. 

A small sample of amniotic fluid (10-20 ml) is collected at approximately 16 weeks gestation. Fetal cells are present in the amniotic fluid and can be used to diagnose single-gene disorders, chromosome abnormalities, and some biochemical disorders. Elevated a-fetoprotein levels indicate a fetus with a neural tube defect. The risk of fetal demise because of amniocentesis is estimated to be approximately 1/200. 

Massayeff, R. and Maillini, R. (1975) A sandwich method of enzyme immunoassay. Application to rat and human a-fetoprotein. J. Immunol. Methods 8,223-234. 

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