Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Substitute, alkyl

In brief, suitable hydrolysis of ethyl acetoacetate derivatives will give mono-or di-alkyl substituted acetones or acetic acids. Tri-substituted acetones or acetic acids cannot be obtained moreover, the di-substituted acetones must... [Pg.270]

Bromination of 2-dialkylaminothiazoles has been reported to be successful by one author (415) and to fail by others (375. 385). If the mechanism of direct electrophilic substitution is accepted for these compounds, it is difficult to understand why alkyl substitution on such a remote position as exocyclic nitrogen may inhibit this reaction in the C-5 position. [Pg.78]

The monomethine cyanines with a methyl group on the chain (Table 2113) are prepared in a basic medium from a 2-alkyl-substituted thiazolium by condensation of an electrophilic reagent. [Pg.54]

A radically different course is followed when the reaction of 2-alkyl-substituted thiazoles is periormed in methanol or acetonitrile (335), 2 1 adducts containing seven-membered azepine rings (91) are being formed in which two of the original activated hydrogen atoms have altered positions (Scheme 55). A similar azepine adduct (92) was obtained by... [Pg.98]

The same situation is observed in the series of alkyl-substituted derivatives. Electron-donating alkyl substituents induce an activating effect on the basicity and the nucleophilicity of the nitrogen lone pair that can be counterbalanced by a deactivating and decelerating effect resulting from the steric interaction of ortho substituents. This aspect of the reactivity of thiazole derivatives has been well investigated (198, 215, 446, 452-456) and is discussed in Chapter HI. [Pg.126]

Alkyl substituted arenes give 1 4 cyclohexadienes m which the alkyl group is a substituent on the double bond... [Pg.439]

Alkyl substitution produces negligible changes m acidities as do weakly elec tronegative groups attached to the ring... [Pg.998]

Reactions with Acyl Garbanion Equivalents. Alkyl substituted carbanions CRXY with potential leaving groups X, Y, and acyl carbanion equivalents or CHRX (342) react with alkylboranes, providing products with mixed alkyl groups derived from both reagents. [Pg.319]

Thermoplastic resins produced from pure monomers such as styrene, alkyl-substituted styrenes, and isobutylene are produced commercially. An advantage of these resins is the fact that they are typically lighter in color than Gardner 1 (water-white) without being hydrogenated. Among the earliest resins in this category were those made from styrene and sold as Piccolastic. Styrene and alkyl-substituted styrenes such as a-methylstyrene are very reactive toward Friedel-Crafts polymerization catalysts. [Pg.355]

OC-Peroxylactones (1,2-Dioxetanones). Alkyl-substituted 1,2-dioxetanones (21) are prepared using low temperature techniques (54,55). The... [Pg.265]

The term naphthenic acid, as commonly used in the petroleum industry, refers collectively to all of the carboxyUc acids present in cmde oil. Naphthenic acids [1338-24-5] are classified as monobasic carboxyUc acids of the general formula RCOOH, where R represents the naphthene moiety consisting of cyclopentane and cyclohexane derivatives. Naphthenic acids are composed predorninandy of aLkyl-substituted cycloaUphatic carboxyUc acids, with smaller amounts of acycHc aUphatic (paraffinic or fatty) acids. Aromatic, olefinic, hydroxy, and dibasic acids are considered to be minor components. Commercial naphthenic acids also contain varying amounts of unsaponifiable hydrocarbons, phenoHc compounds, sulfur compounds, and water. The complex mixture of acids is derived from straight-mn distillates of petroleum, mosdy from kerosene and diesel fractions (see Petroleum). [Pg.509]

Future Trends. In addition to the commercialization of newer extraction/ decantation product/catalyst separations technology, there have been advances in the development of high reactivity 0x0 catalysts for the conversion of low reactivity feedstocks such as internal and a-alkyl substituted a-olefins. These catalysts contain (as ligands) ortho-/-butyl or similarly substituted arylphosphites, which combine high reactivity, vastiy improved hydrolytic stabiUty, and resistance to degradation by product aldehyde, which were deficiencies of eadier, unsubstituted phosphites. Diorganophosphites (28), such as stmcture (6), have enhanced stabiUty over similarly substituted triorganophosphites. [Pg.470]

Consequendy, most organomineral peroxides must be prepared and stored under anhydrous conditions. In addition, anhydrous hydrogen chloride converts alkyl-substituted organomineral peroxides to alkyl hydroperoxides (33). [Pg.109]

Basic hydrolysis of secondary alkyl-substituted siUcon and germanium peroxides results in oxygen—oxygen bond cleavage. [Pg.109]

The reduction of alkyl-substituted siUcon and tin peroxides with sodium sulfite and triphenylphosphine has been reported (33,93). Alkyl-substituted aluminum, boron, cadmium, germanium, siUcon, and tin peroxides undergo oxygen-to-metal rearrangements (33,43,94), eg, equations 22 and 23. [Pg.109]

The effects of xanthine alkyl substitution on bronchocHlation have been summarized as foUows (60,61) alkylation is essential for adenosine... [Pg.440]

The problems associated with predicting regioselectivity in quinone Diels-Alder chemistry have been studied, and a mechanistic model based on frontier molecular orbital theory proposed (85). In certain cases of poor regioselectivity, eg, 2-methoxy-5-methyl-l,4-ben2oquinone with alkyl-substituted dienes, the use of Lewis acid catalysts is effective (86). [Pg.414]

An interesting biochemical method of manufacture is the utili2ation of bioengineered Fseudomonad 2isrmA (16) or Pseudomonas stut ri (17) in a culture medium to oxidi2e naphthalene or alkyl-substituted naphthalene. The metabohc oxidation products, unsubstituted or substituted sahcyhc acid. [Pg.286]

Alkyl-Hyd.roxyla.tion. This is commonly observed as the initial transformation of alkyl-substituted aromatic pesticides such as alachlor [15972-60-8] and metolachlor [51218-45-2] (eq. 2) (2) (16). These reactions are typically catalyzed by relatively nonspecific oxidases found in fungi and actinomycetes. [Pg.215]

Various alkyl-substituted pyridine derivatives are formed from the condensation of butyraldehyde with ammonia at high temperatures. For example, cocondensation of //-butyraldehyde with acroleia [107-02-8] and ammonia at 400°C over a borosiUcate 2eohte gives 3-ethylpyridine [536-78-7] ia 70% yield... [Pg.378]

Tetrarhodium dodecacarbonyl can effect carbonylation of an olefin at atmospheric pressure (132). The rate of hydroformylation of an olefin decreases with increasing alkyl substitution. [Pg.69]

Epoxide formation from chlorohydrins is marked by an increase in rate with alkyl substitution (28) as shown in Figure 1. This phenomenon has been explained on the basis that steric crowding ia the chlorohydrin is somewhat reheved as the epoxide is formed, so that the greatest rehef of strain results from ring closure of the most crowded chlorohydrin (28). [Pg.73]

Alkyl-substituted succiiiimides are prepared by reaction of alkyleneamines such as TETA or TEPA with the corresponding alkyl substituted succinic anhydride (43). [Pg.43]

The mass spectrum of 2-pyrone shows an abundant molecular ion and a very prominent ion due to loss of CO and formation of the furan radical cation. Loss of CO from 4-pyrone, on the other hand, is almost negligible, and the retro-Diels-Alder fragmentation pathway dominates. In alkyl-substituted 2-pyrones loss of CO is followed by loss of a hydrogen atom from the alkyl substituent and ring expansion of the resultant cation to the very stable pyrylium cation. Similar trends are observed with the benzo analogues of the pyrones, although in some cases both modes of fragmentation are observed. Thus, coumarins. [Pg.22]

Since the pyridazine ring is generally more stable to oxidation than a benzene ring, oxidation of alkyl and aryl substituted cinnolines and phthalazines can be used for the preparation of pyridazinedicarboxylic acids. For example, oxidation of 4-phenylcinnoline with potassium permanganate yields 5-phenylpyridazine-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, while alkyl substituted phthalazines give pyridazine-4,5-dicarboxylic acids under essentially the same reaction conditions. [Pg.31]

Monooximes of a-diketones have found applicability in the synthesis of 2-aminopyrazine 1-oxides by condensation with a-aminonitriles, and this reaction was used by White and coworkers in an approach to the synthesis of Cypridina etioluciferamine (Scheme 66 R = 3-indoloyl) (73T3761). In this instance, the use of TiCU as a catalyst was essential, since the carbonyl group in 3-acylindoles is normally deactivated and the required amine/carbonyl condensation is impractically slow. Under normal circumstances the carbonyl group in simple alkyl-substituted monoximes of a-diketones is the more reactive site and the reaction is rapid, requiring no catalysis (69LA(726)loo). [Pg.187]

IV-Alkyl substituted ureas usually eliminate the IV-substituted amine (80JHC235), but IV-arylthioureas may give ring IV-aryl derivatives 66UC447). [Pg.225]


See other pages where Substitute, alkyl is mentioned: [Pg.182]    [Pg.120]    [Pg.60]    [Pg.363]    [Pg.504]    [Pg.169]    [Pg.170]    [Pg.273]    [Pg.42]    [Pg.254]    [Pg.40]    [Pg.99]    [Pg.42]    [Pg.334]    [Pg.499]    [Pg.73]    [Pg.36]    [Pg.20]    [Pg.32]    [Pg.279]    [Pg.279]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.533 , Pg.533 ]




SEARCH



0-alkyl substituted esters

1 - Alkoxy alkyl sulfonates nucleophilic substitution

1,3-Butadienes, 4-alkyl-2-amino-4-(substituted

1- Alkyl-substituted tetrahydro-/ carbolines

1- Substituted 2-propenyl acetate, allylic alkylations

2 -Alkyl substituted thianes

2 alkyl substituted quinolines

2- Alkyl -substituted malononitriles, reaction

2- Substituted 1,2,3-triazole 1-oxides alkylation

2- Substituted 1,2,3-triazoles, alkylation with methyl fluorosulfonate

2-Alkyl-substituted benzo furans

2-Alkyl-substituted pyrazole 1-oxides

2-Cycloheptenone alkyl-substituted

2-Substituted alkyl 3-

2-Substituted alkyl 3-

3- Alkyl -substituted imidazole

3- Alkyl -substituted imidazole rearrangement

3- Alkyl-substituted 1,2,3-triazole

3- Alkyl-substituted 1,2,3-triazole 1-oxides

3- Substituted imidazole 1-oxide alkylation

3-Substituted indoles, alkylation

3-Substituted indoles, alkylation forms

3-alkyl substituted indoles

3-alkyl-substituted thiophenes

3-substituted triazole alkylation

4-Alkyl-substituted tetrazole 1-oxides

4-alkyl-2-substituted-5 -oxazolones

5-Alkyl-substituted epoxides, rearrangement

5-Hexenyl radical cyclization alkyl substituted

Alkenes alkyl-substituted

Alkyl -substituted carbamates

Alkyl Halides Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination

Alkyl Halides and Nucleophilic Substitution

Alkyl N-6 Substituted d-Lysergamides

Alkyl N-substituted

Alkyl Substituted 5-Hexenyl Radicals

Alkyl Substituted Poly(phenylene oxides) including PPO

Alkyl and Alkenyl Substituted Azides

Alkyl carbon centers, nucleophilic substitution

Alkyl derivatives substitution mechanics

Alkyl esters, substitution

Alkyl ether-substituted polymers

Alkyl fluorides synthesis nucleophilic substitution

Alkyl geminal substitution

Alkyl group substitution, hydrogen bonds

Alkyl groups steric hindrance to nucleophilic substitution

Alkyl groups substituted benzenes

Alkyl groups substitution

Alkyl groups substitution reactions

Alkyl halide substitution reactions

Alkyl halides elimination from substituted

Alkyl halides heteroatom-substituted

Alkyl halides nucleophilic substitution reactions

Alkyl halides substitution

Alkyl halides substitution and

Alkyl halides substitution versus elimination

Alkyl halides vinyl substitutions

Alkyl halides, from nucleophilic substitution

Alkyl halides, from nucleophilic substitution reactions

Alkyl halides, nucleophilic substitution

Alkyl iodides nucleophilic substitution

Alkyl radicals halo-substituted

Alkyl radicals halogen substituted

Alkyl radicals substituted

Alkyl substituted 3-nitropyridines

Alkyl substituted acids

Alkyl substituted allenes

Alkyl substituted oxazoles

Alkyl substituted sulfonamides

Alkyl substitution reactions

Alkyl sulfonates nucleophilic substitution

Alkyl with mono-substituted alkynes

Alkyl- and Alkoxy-Substituted PAns

Alkyl- and alkoxy-substitutions

Alkyl-, aryl- and silyl-substituted lithium organics

Alkyl-Substituted Benzenes Homologous

Alkyl-Substituted Cyclohexenones

Alkyl-Substituted Ethylenes

Alkyl-Substituted Ligands

Alkyl-de-acyloxy-substitution

Alkyl-de-alkoxy-substitution

Alkyl-substituted 1,10-phenanthrolines

Alkyl-substituted 1,2,4-triazines

Alkyl-substituted PPVs

Alkyl-substituted a,-Unsaturated Carbonyl Derivatives

Alkyl-substituted acetoacetates

Alkyl-substituted acetylene

Alkyl-substituted acetylene polymerization

Alkyl-substituted adducts

Alkyl-substituted alkynyl

Alkyl-substituted alkynyl substrates

Alkyl-substituted amino radicals

Alkyl-substituted aromatic

Alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons

Alkyl-substituted azides

Alkyl-substituted azulenes

Alkyl-substituted benzene

Alkyl-substituted cycloalkanes

Alkyl-substituted cyclobutanones

Alkyl-substituted enals

Alkyl-substituted epoxides, cleavage

Alkyl-substituted metallacycles

Alkyl-substituted ohgothiophenes

Alkyl-substituted oligothiophenes

Alkyl-substituted oxiranes

Alkyl-substituted perfluorinated

Alkyl-substituted polyaromatic

Alkyl-substituted polymers

Alkyl-substituted polysiloxanes

Alkyl-substituted polysilylenes

Alkyl-substituted polythiophenes

Alkyl-substituted styrene monomers

Alkyl-substituted tetralins

Alkyl-substituted vinyl cations

Alkylation Reactions Nucleophilic Substitution

Alkylation novel 3-substituted indoles

Alkylation, enolate ions nucleophilic substitution

Alkylation, enolate ions substitution reactions

Alkylations substituted alkene synthesis

Alkynes alkyl-substituted

Allylic substitutions palladium-catalyzed alkylation with

Arenes alkyl-substituted

Aromatic compounds alkyl-substituted

Aromatic substitution Friedel-Crafts alkylation

Aromatic substitution reactions Friedel-Crafts alkylation

Aromatic substitution reactions alkylation

Aromatics substituted, alkylation

Azine substitution , activation alkyl leaving groups

Azinium compounds, N-alkyl-, substituent displacement kinetics of substitution

Aziridine 1-alkyl-2-aryl-substituted

Benzene alkyl substituted, oxidation

Benzene, acylation alkyl substituted, nitration

Benzyl and Other Substituted Alkyl Ethers

Bicyclo nonane alkyl substituted

Butanes alkyl-substituted—

By Elimination of Functionality from Substituted-Alkyl Substituents

Carbenes alkyl substituted, 1,2-migration

Case of Substituted Alkyl Surfaces

Catalysts alkyl substituted crowns

Clearing alkyl substituted mesogens

Cope rearrangements alkyl substitution

Counterion alkyl-substituted

Cyclic mechanism alkyl-substituted benzenes

Cyclobutanes, alkyl-substituted—

Cyclohexanes alkyl-substituted—

Cyclopentanes, alkyl-substituted—

Cyclopropanes alkyl-substituted—

Cyclopropanes, alkyl-substituted, hydrogenation

Cyclopropanes, hydrogenolysis alkyl substituted

Decalins, alkyl-substituted—

Degree of alkyl substitution

Diazonium ions alkyl, nucleophilic substitution

Dibromides double alkyl substitution

Diene coupling alkyl-substitution

Dienes intramolecular alkyl-substituted diene

Effects of Alkyl Substitution

Electrophilic aromatic substitution Friedel-Crafts alkylation

Electrophilic aromatic substitution alkylation

Electrophilic aromatic substitution alkylation Halogenation

Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions Friedel-Crafts alkylation

Electrophilic aromatic substitution, acylation alkylation, limitations

Electrophilic aromatic substitutions alkylations

Electrophilic substitution alkylation

Enantioselective Arylation of Aryl-Alkyl-Substituted Ketones

Enzyme-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Substitutions of Alkyl Halides

Epoxides 5-alkyl-substituted

Ethanes alkyl-substituted—

Ethanolamines alkyl-substituted

Functionally Substituted Alkyl Derivatives

GeR4 Compounds with R Substituted Alkyl

Halogen-substituted alkyl bromides

Halogeno-substituted ring systems alkylation

Heptanes, alkyl-substituted—

Hexanes alkyl-substituted—

Hydrogenation of Alkyl-Substituted Benzenes

Hydrogenolysis alkyl substituted

I Reactions of Alkyl Halides Nucleophilic Substitutions and Eliminations

Imine formation nucleophilic alkyl substitution

Indanones 2-alkyl-substituted

Indoles, alkyl/aryl substituted

Ketones, 2-substituted deprotonation, alkylation

Key Concepts—Alkyl Halides and Nucleophilic Substitution

LONG CHAIN ALKYL SUBSTITUTED POLY(THIOPHENES)

Long-chain alkyl-substituted heterocyclic

Long-chain alkyl-substituted heterocyclic compounds

Mechanism nucleophilic alkyl substitution

Metallocenes 2-alkyl-4-aryl-substituted

Methylol-terminated p-alkyl-substituted phenol

Modification of 3-alkyl substituents by nucleophilic substitution

N alkyl substituted imines

N-Alkyl substituted dithizone

N-Alkyl-substituted thiolanes

Naphthalenes, alkyl-substituted, hydrogenation

Nitroalkenes alkyl-substituted

Nucleophiles alkyl halide substitution reactions

Nucleophilic Aliphatic Substitution Preparation of Alkyl Halides

Nucleophilic Substitution of Alkyl Sulfonates

Nucleophilic aliphatic substitution alkyl sulfonates

Nucleophilic alkyl substitution

Nucleophilic alkyl substitution alcohols

Nucleophilic alkyl substitution allylic halides

Nucleophilic alkyl substitution benzylic halides

Nucleophilic alkyl substitution crown ether catalysis

Nucleophilic alkyl substitution enzyme catalyzed

Nucleophilic alkyl substitution epoxides

Nucleophilic alkyl substitution phase transfer catalysis

Nucleophilic substitution alkyl bromides

Nucleophilic substitution alkyl chlorides

Nucleophilic substitution in alkyl halides

Nucleophilic substitution phenolic oxygen alkylation

Nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkyl halides

Olefins alkyl substitution

Olefins, alkyl-substituted

Olefins, alkyl-substituted fluorinated

Olefins, alkyl-substituted trisubstituted

Other Substituted Alkyl Groups

Other alkyl-substituted polythiophenes

Oxidation alkyl substituted phenols with

P-alkyl- and perfluoroalkyl-substituted oligothiophenes

Palladium-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Substitution and Alkylation

Pentanes, alkyl-substituted—

Persistent vinyl cations alkyl substituted

Phenols alkyl-substituted

Phosphorus ligands, alkyl substituted

Piperidines alkyl substituted

Polyamides, alkyl substituted

Polyaniline, alkyl-substituted, molecular

Polyimides alkyl-substituted

Polythiophene, alkyl-substituted

Polythiophene, alkyl-substituted molecular weight

Propanes, alkyl-substituted—

Properties of alkyl-substituted

Pyridine alkyl, electrophilic substitution

Pyridine, substituted, alkylation

Pyrimidines, alkyl-, reactivity nucleophilic substitution

Pyrrole, alkylation substitution

Reactions of Alkyl Halides Nucleophilic Substitutions and Eliminations

Reactions of Alkyl Halides Substitution and Elimination

Reactions of Alkyl Halides The Substitution Reaction

Replacement (s. a. Substitution alkyl

Rotation about Sigma (a) Bonds in Acyclic Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, and Alkyl-Substituted Arenes

Silyl anions alkyl-substituted

Sn2 substitution reactions conversion of alcohols to alkyl halides

Sodium alkyl thiolates, reaction with halogen substituted metal complexes

Stability alkyl substitution

Styrenes trans-/3-alkyl substituted styrene

Substituted Alkyl Carbenoids

Substituted Alkyl Compounds

Substituted Alkyl Radical Clocks

Substituted alkyl groups

Substituted alkyl groups general

Substituted alkyl halides

Substituted alkyl pyrimidine amines

Substituted aromatics alkyl

Substituted benzyl bromides asymmetric alkylation

Substitution a-alkylations

Substitution alkyl

Substitution alkyl-substituted alkynes

Substitution alkylation

Substitution alkylation

Substitution reactions Friedel-Crafts alkylation

Substitution reactions catalytic benzylic alkylation

Substitution reactions copper-catalyzed alkylation

Substitution reactions iridium-catalyzed alkylation

Substitution reactions molybdenum-catalyzed alkylation

Substitution reactions nickel-catalyzed alkylation

Substitution reactions of alkyl halides

Substitution reactions platinum-catalyzed alkylation

Substitution reactions rhodium-catalyzed alkylation

Substitution reactions ruthenium-catalyzed alkylation

Substitution, and alkylation

Substitution, electrophilic Friedel-Crafts alkylation

Substitutions Friedel-Crafts alkylation

Substitutions in Alkyl Halides

Substitutive Alkylation of a-Halocarbonyl Compounds

Tertiary alkyl substituted octasilsesquioxanes

Vinyl compounds alkyl substituted

© 2024 chempedia.info