Alkyd paints, poly

Table 4. Formulation and Cluing Conditions of Poly(HAMCL) Alkyd Paints...

Fig. 4. Flexibility of poly(HAMCL) alkyd paints, visualized by conical mandrel bending test...

Alkyd paints dominated the architectural coating market for a long period until the appearance of polymer dispersions or the so-called latex paints. Specifically for wall application waterborne paints based on poly(vinyl acetate) homo- and copolymers, styrene-acrylics and pure acrylic latexes almost completely took over the market from the alkyd resins for both interior and exterior application. However, for... 

There are over 400 different commercial alkyd resin formulations based on phthalic anhydride used in the coatings business. Alkyd resins for paints are made by reacting phthalic anhydride with a poly-alcohol (usually from naturally occurring sources rather than synthetic) that contains unreacted double bonds. The paint dries by the resin crosslinking through reaction of the double bonds under the influence of oxygen in the air. 

High Solid Alkyd-Like Paints from Unsaturated Poly(HAMCL). 277... 

Recently, the development of environmentally friendly binders produced from renewable agricultural resources, e. g. linseed and tall oil fatty acids, has been described [36]. These new poly(HAMCL) resins were applied in high solid alkyd-like coatings and paints. 

The glyptals made from phthalic anhydride and glycerol were developed as compositions for use in paints and varnishes. If the reaction was carried out too long the product became intractible. But under milder conditions, other products could be obtained which could be used in making soluble products and then they could be set further after forming. It was learned that by modifying the reaction mixture with some monobasic acid to balance the hydroxyls and carboxyls in the reaction mixture, more soluble products could be obtained. Kienle of General Electric, was one of the early developers of these products. Later many other alkyd resins from other polyhydroxyl compounds and poly acids were produced for technical use. 

Close to half of the ethylene oxide produced is directly converted to ethylene glycol (1,2-ethanediol) by acid-catalyzed or pressure hydration. Roughly half the ethylene glycol is as an automotive coolant antifreeze and half in polyester (poly(ethylene terephthalate)) fiber production (Chap. 21). Smaller amounts are consumed for alkyd resins production and for the formulation of latex paints. 

The paint solutions dry rapidly and produce hard coatings that are largely resistant against water and hydrocarbons. Novolacs are readily compatible with many other binder classes. Addition of small amounts of alkyd resins or poly(vinyl buty ral) resins improve the flexibility of the coatings. 

Toluene [108-88-3] is mainly used in cellulose nitrate lacquers in heat-curing paints based on urea-, melamine-, or phenol - formaldehyde resins in alkyd resin paints and in paints based on chlorinated rubber, polystyrene, polyacrylates, or poly(vinyl acetate). Mixtures of toluene with esters are used to dissolve vinyl chloride copolymers and postchlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) [14.265]. 

Benzyl alcohol [100-51-6] is miscible with organic solvents apart from aliphatic hydrocarbons. It dissolves cellulose esters and ethers, fats, oils, alkyd resins, natural and synthetic resins, and colorants. Polymers—with the exception of lower poly(vinyl ethers) and poly(vinyl acetates)—are not dissolved. Small amounts of benzyl alcohol improve the flow and gloss paints, delay the evaporation of other solvent components, and have a plasticizing effect in physically drying paints. It is used in ballpoint pen inks. Benzyl alcohol reduces the viscosity in two-pack epoxy resin systems. 

Ethyl triglycol [112-50-5] [2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol, triethylene glycol monoethyl ether] is an almost colorless, neutral, mild-smelling liquid with a low hygroscopicity. It is soluble in water and most organic solvents, but is only partially miscible with aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Ethyl triglycol dissolves cellulose nitrate, shellac, colophony, ketone resins, maleate resins, chlorinated rubber, alkyd resins, and many other paint resins. It does not dissolve cellulose acetate, poly(vinyl chloride), vinyl chloride copolymers, fats, oils, and rubber. 

Nitropropane [ 79-46-9] is a colorless, nonhygroscopic liquid with a mild odor. It dissolves cellulose nitrate, cellulose ethers, alkyd resins, chlorinated rubber, poly(vinyl acetate), vinyl chloride copolymers. Poly(vinyl chloride), colophony, polyacrylonitrile, waxes, rubber, and shellac are insoluble. It is used as a cosolvent in paints to improve pigment wetting, flow properties, and electrostatic processing it also reduces the paint drying time. 2-Nitropropane is classified as carcinogenic. 

Uses Pigment wetting agent/dispersant for solv.-based paints (alkyd, acrylic, epoxy, urethane, polyester), printing inks, textiles resinous/poly-meric food-contact coatings Regulatory FDA 21 CFR 175.300 Properties Liq. nonionic 70% act. 

Uses Intermediate for paints polyester alkyd resin comonomer poly-... 

Both paints and adhesives are commonly formulated as polymer blends or grafts. In fact, some compositions resemble semi-IPN s or AB crosslinked copolymers (Section 8.7). For example, epoxy adhesive resins are often cured with polyamides (Bikerman, 1968). The product is tougher than materials cured with low-molecular-weight amines, possibly because of a separate amide phase in this AB crosslinked copolymer. A more complex molecular architecture is exhibited by the alkyd resins common in oil-based paints (Martens, 1968, Chapters 3 and 4). The major component is a polyester, which often forms a network structure on drying. The polyester component is reacted with various drying oils, such as linseed oil or tung oil (Martens, 1968, Chapters 3 and 4). These oils form an ester link to the polyester structures and also polymerize through their multiple double bonds. Latex paints always contain thickeners, such as cellulosics, poly(acrylic acid), casein. 

Polyethylene glycols are used to modify alkyds and polyesters to obtain water-dispersible coatings. High-molecular-weight poly(ethylene oxide) is used to thicken chlorinated solvents that are used for paint and varnish removal (64). 

Uses Deaerating agent for med. and high polar coating systems, esp. PU paints, high solids alkyds, ES spray tems, and urethane-polyesters resinous/poly-... 

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