Antifreeze Coolants

Diethylene glycol or propylene glycol alone can also be used as antifreeze coolants, but they are more likely to be mixed with ethylene glycol. Their addition is usually restricted to a small percentage of the total glycol content. 

FIG. 1—Coolant pump damaged by cavitation-erosion-corrosion. Pitting can be controlled by a properly inhibited antifreeze coolant that is used as directed by the manufacturer. 

Laws have been enacted in many states in an attempt to prevent the sale and distribution of deleterious antifreeze products, such as salt solutions or petroleum coolants. Even ethylene glycol engine coolants must be evaluated by testing and comparison of test results with specifications for engine coolant concentrate, such as ASTM D 3306. These tests ensure desired levels of antifreeze coolant concentrate and inhibitor are available to adequately protect cooling systems against freezing, boilover and corrosion (Fig. 2). 

FIG. 5—Leakage of coolant into the engine can occur through a loose cylinder head joint or cracks in the cylinder block or head. Either water or antifreeze coolant mixed with engine oil in sufficient quantities may cause lubrication failure and serious engine damage. 

FIG. 6—Insufficient antifreeze coolant protection, or incomplete mixing of solution, may result in slush-ice freezeup in the radiator, stoppage of circulation, loss of coolant through the overflow, and serious engine overheating. 

Rowe, L. C., Chance, R. L., and Walker, M. S., The Development of an Antifreeze Coolant for Aluminum and Cast Iron Engines, General Motors Research Publication GMR-3819, PCP-160, Physical Chemistry Department, General Motors Research Laboratories, Warren, MI, October 1981. 

Beynon, E., Field Performance and Factory Installed Antifreeze Coolants in Passenger Car Service, Reprint No. 660128, Society of Automotive Engineers, New York, NY, January 1966. 

Ethylene glycol has numerous industrial and commercial applications. A major use is in antifreeze-coolant mixtures. It is also used in heat-transfer fluids, airport deicing fluids, hydraulic brake fluids, printers inks, wood stains, adhesives, pesticides, and as a solvent in various other chemicals. 

In a wide variety of automotive care products, such as antifreezes, coolants, and car cleaning materials. 

Antifreeze Research ethylene glycol, an antifreeze-coolant, to learn its chemical formula. Draw its Lewis structure and identify the sigma and pi bonds. 

Products and Uses Very versatile chemical used in perfumes, colors, soft drink syrups, flavoring extracts, cleansing creams, fabric softeners, suntan lotions, brake fluids, antifreeze, coolants, deicers, and tobacco as a solvent, conditioner, wetting agent, humectant (keeps product from drying out), emulsifier (stabi-... 

Uses Fungicide antimicrobial, preservative in pharmaceuticals and foods preservative for cosmetics, dental prods., starches, adhesives clinical reagent (bilirubin assay) nucleating agent for plastics corrosion inhibitor for antifreeze coolants, metals in impregnated paper, emulsion paints, wrapping materials, aerosol cans, sol. cutting oils mfg. of dyes rust inhibitor mildew inhibitor mold inhibitor for tobacco flavor-... 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes Uses Emulsifier for lotions, soft creams, makeup, paints, adhesives emollient, emulsifier, vise, builder for cosmetics humectant in dry skin prods. plasticizer for cellulose nitrate solvent for paints/coatings, industrial applies. polyester and alkyd resins antifreeze coolant heat transfer fluid deicing fluid detergents and surfactants bactericide food additive, emulsifier, stabilizer, emulsion stabilizer, defoamer, vise, builder pharmaceutical surfactant, dispersant, emulsifier, solubilizer, lubricant, humectant, excipient, thickener, vehicle in food-pkg. adhesives in resinous/polymeric food-contact coatings defoamer in food-contact paper/paperboard in food-contact textiles Features Lipophilic... 

TEA-phosphate Tolyltriazole corrosion inhibitor, antifreeze coolants Sodium benzoate... 

The inside back view of the system is shown in Figure 5.16. The stainless steel coolant tank is 2 liters, and there is a 1 kW electric heater tightly attached to its outer surface. The heater is used to keep the stack temperature above 0°C on cold days. When an antifreeze coolant is used, the coolant will not freeze until the temperature reaches about -40°C, but the liquid water... 

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