Acrylic acid epoxy

Epoxy acrylates are dominant oligomers in the radiation curable adhesives market. A bisphenol A epoxy resin is reacted with acrylic acid or methacrylate acid to provide unsaturated terminal reactive groups. The acrylic acid-epoxy reaction to make bisphenol A diacrylate destroys any free ingredients such as epichlorohydrin used to make the DGEBA epoxy starting raw material. 

There are various hybrid polymers and co-polymers in use to achieve specific ink appHcation properties not obtainable by conventional resins and polymers. Water soluble fatty add epoxy esters provide improved heat resistance. For example, an aqueous fatty acid-acrylic acid epoxy ester patented by Reichold Chemical, which crosslinks via heat and auto-oxidation is used to provide water and heat resistance [11],... 

There have been other approaches to obtaining rubber/metal adhesion besides primers or additives consisting of phenolics or epoxies plus halogenated elastomers. For example, carboxylated polymers (olefins and diolefins copolymerized with acrylic acid monomers) have shown excellent adhesion to metals. Very little carboxyl is necessary, and polymers with carboxyl contents as low as 0.1% show good adhesion when laminated to bare steel. When these materials possess... 

Methacrylates and acrylates are readily synthesized from low-cost commercially available resins and (meth)acrylate intermediates or (meth)acrylic acid [19]. A wide range of structural backbones are available, including epoxies, urethanes. 

Unsaturated acrylic oligomers are made from unsaturated acrylic monomers. For example, an epoxy acrylate may be made by reaction of acrylic acid with epoxy resin. 

The propylene equivalent of polyethylene is polypropylene. About 50% of the chemical use of propylene is directed to that use. Other major applications are the manufacture of propylene oxide, isopropyl alcohol, cumene, 0X0 alcohols, acrylic acids, and acrylonitrile. The consumer products you are familiar with show up everywhere carpets, rope, clothing, plastics in automobiles, appliances, toys, rubbing alcohol, paints, and epoxy glue. 

Schafffing, O.G. (1976) Composition comprising epoxy resin, copolymer of butadiene and acrylic acid, curing agent... 

Studies of the particle—epoxy interface and particle composition have been helpful in understanding the rubber-particle formation in epoxy resins (306). Based on extensive dynamic mechanical studies of epoxy resin cure, a mechanism was proposed for the development of a heterophase morphology in rubber-modified epoxy resins (307). Other functionalized mbbers, such as amine-terminated butadiene—acrylonitrile copolymers (308) and tf-butyl acrylate—acrylic acid copolymers (309), have been used for toughening epoxy resins. 

Vinyl ester resins arc manufactured through an addition reaction of an epoxy resin with an acrylic monomer, such as acrylic acid, methaciylic add. or the half-ester product of an hydroxyalkyl acrylate and anhydride. In contrast, the polyester resins are condensation products of dibasic acids and palyhydric alcohols. The relatively low-molecular-weight precise polymer structure of the vinyl ester resins is in contrast to the high-molecular-weight random structure of the polyesters. 

ABA ABS ABS-PC ABS-PVC ACM ACS AES AMMA AN APET APP ASA BR BS CA CAB CAP CN CP CPE CPET CPP CPVC CR CTA DAM DAP DMT ECTFE EEA EMA EMAA EMAC EMPP EnBA EP EPM ESI EVA(C) EVOH FEP HDI HDPE HIPS HMDI IPI LDPE LLDPE MBS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-polycarbonate alloy Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-poly(vinyl chloride) alloy Acrylic acid ester rubber Acrylonitrile-chlorinated pe-styrene Acrylonitrile-ethylene-propylene-styrene Acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate Acrylonitrile Amorphous polyethylene terephthalate Atactic polypropylene Acrylic-styrene-acrylonitrile Butadiene rubber Butadiene styrene rubber Cellulose acetate Cellulose acetate-butyrate Cellulose acetate-propionate Cellulose nitrate Cellulose propionate Chlorinated polyethylene Crystalline polyethylene terephthalate Cast polypropylene Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride Chloroprene rubber Cellulose triacetate Diallyl maleate Diallyl phthalate Terephthalic acid, dimethyl ester Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer Ethylene-ethyl acrylate Ethylene-methyl acrylate Ethylene methacrylic acid Ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer Elastomer modified polypropylene Ethylene normal butyl acrylate Epoxy resin, also ethylene-propylene Ethylene-propylene rubber Ethylene-styrene copolymers Polyethylene-vinyl acetate Polyethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers Fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers Hexamethylene diisocyanate High-density polyethylene High-impact polystyrene Diisocyanato dicyclohexylmethane Isophorone diisocyanate Low-density polyethylene Linear low-density polyethylene Methacrylate-butadiene-styrene... 

Similarly to UP resins, VE resins consist of an unsaturated oligomer dissolved in styrene. The unsaturated oligomer is based on the epoxy chemistry (Sec. 2.2.4). When one mole of a DGEBA monomer is reacted with 2 moles of (meth)acrylic acid, an a, oo-di(meth)acrylate oligomer is obtained ... 

Early in the development of solid propellant, the asphalt composites were found to have poor physical properties, such as cracking under normal temperature cycling, poor tensile characteristics, etc. They were replaced with the elastomeric polymers which have become the present-day binders. The first of these was Thiokol rubber, a polysulfide rubber, whichgives the propellant with good physical properties. The presence of the sulfur atom in the Thiokol rubber decreases the performance compared to a CHO polymer thus the most frequently used binders are polyurethane, polybutadiene acrylic acid (PBAA), epoxy resin, etc. The choice of the latter binders is made with regard to physical properties rather than performance. 

The metallic layers were examined either by conventional or cross-section TEM in a Jeol 200 Cx microscope. For the cross section preparation a sandwich of two laminates is made, glued face to face with an epoxy, cut in small pieces, mechanically polished, and then ion milled to a final TEM observation thickness. The plane section TEM sample are prepared by dissolving the PET in trifluoroacetic acid for 5 to 10 mn. The area observed, on plane section TEM, for the grain size calculation is close to 0.2 urn. For the adhesion measurements, test pieces consist of aluminum support (1 mm thick) double sided tape (Permacel P-94) PET (12pm) / evaporated aluminum/ ethylene acrylic acid (EAA) copolymer film. These laminates are prepared for the peel test by compression under 1.3 105 N.m2 at 120°C for 10 seconds. The peel test is performed by peeling the EAA copolymer sheet from the laminate in an INSTRON tensile tester at 180° peel angle and 5 cm min peel rate. 

Epoxy acrylates are formed by the addition of acrylic acid to bisphenol A diglycidyl ether thus producing the above chemical stmcture. The aromatic ring structure is responsible for many of the properties of epoxy acrylates. 

SYNS 2,3-EPOXY-l-PROPANOL ACRYLATE 2,3-EPOXYPROPYL ESTER ACRYLIC ACID GLYCIDYL ACRYLATE GLYCIDYL PROPENATE 2-PROPENOIC ACID OXIRANYLMETHYL ESTER... 

The thermoset acrylics (20) of major importance in the coating industry, in recent years, have been developed primarily by Canadian Industry Ltd. and by Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co. in this country (4). Raw materials are acrylamide, acrylic acid, acrylates, and styrene. Cross-linking agents are amino and epoxy resins. The materials are also self-cross-linking. They are usually sold as solutions in paint solvents. 

Thermosetting acrylics can be produced from a variety of monomers in varying percentage compositions the systems utilize a variety of cross-linking mechanisms (Table IV). A typical thermosetting acrylic can be prepared from 15-80% styrene, 15-18% alkyl acrylate, and 5-10% acrylic acid (27). Acrylic acid provides the functionality for cross-linking with epoxy resins. 

There are strengths and weaknesses among the various acrylic thermosetting systems. For example, acid epoxies and urethane cross-linked systems produce no volatile byproducts. Cure temperatures differ widely (see Table VIII). These and other factors determine the acceptability of a particular system for a given application and allow the user considerable latitude in choosing an acrylic that best meets his requirements. 

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