Comparative performance

This study has been launched in order to provide quantified data about the compared performances of liquid penetrant product family and, finally, to introduce an acceptance criteria on performance of liquid penetrant range of products in RCC-M code which had no requirement on that point. 

Fault detection is a monitoring procedure intended to identify deteriorating unit performance. The unit can be monitored by focusing on values of important unit measurements or on values of model parameters. Step changes or drift in these values are used to identify that a fault (deteriorated performance in unit functioning or effectiveness) has occurred in the unit. Fault detection should be an ongoing procedure for unit monitoring. However, it is also used to compare performance from one formal unit test to another. 

Turbomachines can be compared with each other by dimensional analysis. This analysis produces various types of geometrically similar parameters. Dimensional analysis is a procedure where variables representing a physical situation are reduced into groups, which are dimensionless. These dimensionless groups can then be used to compare performance of various types of machines with each other. Dimensional analysis as used in turbomachines can be employed to (1) compare data from various types of machines—it is a useful technique in the development of blade passages and blade profiles, (2) select various types of units based on maximum efficiency and pressure head required, and (3) predict a prototype s performance from tests conducted on a smaller scale model or at lower speeds. 

Eckert, J. S., Tower Packings—Comparative Performance, Chemical Engineering Progress, 59 (5), 76-82, 1963. 

It is seen from equation (26) that the optimum velocity is determined by the magnitude of the diffusion coefficient and is inversely related to the particle diameter. Unfortunately, in LC (where the mobile phase is a liquid as opposed to a gas), the diffusivity is four to five orders of magnitude less than in GC. Thus, to achieve comparable performance, the particle diameter must also be reduced (c./., 3-5 p)... 

For two different impellers, comparing performance of power, flow and flow per power at constant flow and speed [29] in terms of flow, Q, at speed, N ... 

Kunesh [126] presents tm overview of the basis for selecting rsuidom packing for a column application. In first deciding between a trayed tower or a packed one, a comparative performance design and its mechanical interpretation should be completed, considering pressure drop, capacity limitations, performance efficiencies (HETP), material/heat balances for each alternate. For one example relating to differences in liquid distribution performance, see Reference 126. 

Figure 12-84. Effect of gas system flow resistance on comparative performance in same centrifugal compressor. (Used by permission Hancock, R. Chemical Engineering, V. 63, No. 6, 1956. McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved.)...

Stationary or moveable inlet vanes, if used, attach to the inlet beU. These are also dieformed for uniformity and are welded in place for the stationary type and attached to a spider that is attached to the beU for the movable type. Figures 12-127A-B. The discharge damper. Figure 12-127C, is used for system volume and pressure control and is discussed later in regard to comparative performance with inlet vanes. 

Once the operation of the unit has lined out, it is time to conduct a series of test runs to compare performance and economic bend its of the unit with what was projected as part of the original project justification. The results can also be used to determine if the unit s performance meets or exceeds the engineering contractor s performance guarantee. 

The case of cerium is of particular interest. Adzic et al. [43] examined the properties of a homologous series of alloys with a composition corresponding to La1 lCerNi355Co075Mn()4Al03 and measured their comparative performance as battery electrodes. A PCT diagram for this system is shown in Fig. 10. 

Figure 8.48. (a) Diagram showing most suitable number of ejector stages for varying vacua and steam pressures (b) Comparative performance curves of ejectors... 

The next step was to augment and expand the model to be able to predict the dose response for the comparator. Comparator data, from SBA (summary basis for approval data submitted to the FDA), yielded one model that predicted both candidate and comparator performance. The model accounted for age, disease baseline, and trial differences. Differences based on sex, weight, and other covariates were estimated to be negligible. The addition of the comparator data improved the predictive ability of the model for both drugs (Fig. 22.3). 

George, K.M., On the extraction of oleoresin from turmeric comparative performance of ethanol, acetone and ethylene dichloride, Indian Spices, 18, 7, 1981. 

Quetel CR, Vogl J, Prohaska T, Nelms S, Taylor PDP, De Bievre P (2000a) Comparative performance study of ICP mass spectrometers by means of U "isotopic measurements." Fresenius J Anal Chem 368 148-155... 

The new antimicrobial is an order of magnitude less toxic, several orders of magnitude less volatile, easier to handle, more compatible with other water treatment chemicals, more effective against biofilms, and it generates less than half the disinfection by-products compared to chlorine or other alternatives. One hundred fifty billion gallons of industrial water have by now been successfully treated globally. Use of this new antimicrobial has substantially reduced environmental and human health risks from industrial water treatment by replacing nearly thirty million pounds of chlorine. The new product is proven to comparatively perform better, more safely, and it is substantially easier to apply than chlorine. 

Figure 10.8. Comparative performances under simulated conditions (reproduced with permission from Ref. [96]).

Tarwadi K and Agte V. 2005. Antioxidant and micronutrient quality of fruit and root vegetables from the Indian subcontinent and their comparative performance with green leafy vegetables and fruits. J Sci Food Agric 85(9) 1469—1476. 

Furthermore, Hirschler (32) has investigated the smoke-reducing ability of a number of metal hydroxides and oxides, at incorporation levels of up to 40 phr in acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymer. At the lowest additive level studied (10 phr), SnO gave a higher degree of smoke suppressancy (viz. 58%), than any of the other compounds, and loadings of at least 30 phr were found to be necessary to achieve comparable performance with either A1(0H) or Mg(0H). 3... 

Table k. Comparative performances of the Fe CCO), CpFe(C0)2l2 and Co2(C0)g-NaY systems (C- selectivities expressed as mole percent of CO converted into the desired product). 

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