Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Acid degradation

Urea—Phosphate Type. Phosphoric acid imparts flame resistance to ceUulose (16,17), but acid degradation accompanies this process. This degradation can be minimized by iacorporation of urea [57-13-6]. Ph osph oryl a ting agents for ceUulose iaclude ammonium phosphate [7783-28-0] urea—phosphoric acid, phosphoms trichloride [7719-12-2] and oxychloride [10025-87-3] monophenyl phosphate [701-64-4] phosphoms pentoxide [1314-56-3] and the chlorides of partiaUy esterified phosphoric acids (see Cellulose esters, inorganic). [Pg.487]

HEC hydroxyethyl cellulose nonionic 110 viscosity builder, acid degradable primarily for completion/workover fluids... [Pg.179]

Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), a nonionic thickening agent, is prepared from alkali cellulose and ethylene oxide in the presence of isopropyl alcohol (46). HEC is used in drilling muds, but more commonly in completion fluids where its acid-degradable nature is advantageous. Magnesium oxide stabilizes the viscosity-building action of HEC in salt brines up to 135°C (47). HEC concentrations are ca 0.6—6 kg/m (0.2—21b/bbl). [Pg.179]

Cellulose sulfated usiag sulfamic acid degrades less than if sulfated usiag sulfuric acid (23). Cellulose esters of sulfamic acids are formed by the reaction of sulfamyl haHdes ia the presence of tertiary organic bases (see Cellulose esters). [Pg.62]

Periodic Acid Degradation 17a,20 -Dihydroxy-4,4,6,16a-tetramethyl-pregn-5-en-3-one (0.3 g) is dissolved in 30 ml of methanol and treated with an aqueous solution of 0.25 g of periodic acid in 5 ml of water at room temperature for 17 hr. On dilution with water, the resultant crystals are collected by filtration, washed well with water, and dried to give 0.26 g mp 158-160°. Recrystallization from hexane-acetone gives 0.24 g (90%) of 4,4,6,16a-tetramethylandrost-5-ene-3,17-dione mp 160-161° [aj —6° (CHCI3). [Pg.151]

More More Flow Excess phosphoric acid degrades product. No hazard in work area. — —... [Pg.206]

Intermediates in fatty acid synthesis are linked covalently to the suifhydryl groups of special proteins, the acyl carrier proteins. In contrast, fatty acid breakdown intermediates are bound to the —SH group of coenzyme A. Fatty acid synthesis occurs in the cytosol, whereas fatty acid degradation takes place in mitochondria. [Pg.803]

Amino acid degradation produces cytosolic acetyl-CoA. [Pg.804]

The acetyl-CoA derived from amino acid degradation is normally insufficient for fatty acid biosynthesis, and the acetyl-CoA produced by pyruvate dehydrogenase and by fatty acid oxidation cannot cross the mitochondrial membrane to participate directly in fatty acid synthesis. Instead, acetyl-CoA is linked with oxaloacetate to form citrate, which is transported from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytosol (Figure 25.1). Here it can be converted back into acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate by ATP-citrate lyase. In this manner, mitochondrial acetyl-CoA becomes the substrate for cytosolic fatty acid synthesis. (Oxaloacetate returns to the mitochondria in the form of either pyruvate or malate, which is then reconverted to acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate, respectively.)... [Pg.804]

The next three steps—reduction of the /3-carbonyl group to form a /3-alcohol, followed by dehydration and reduction to saturate the chain (Figure 25.7) — look very similar to the fatty acid degradation pathway in reverse. However, there are two crucial differences between fatty acid biosynthesis and fatty acid oxidation (besides the fact that different enzymes are involved) First, the alcohol formed in the first step has the D configuration rather than the L form seen in catabolism, and, second, the reducing coenzyme is NADPH, although NAD and FAD are the oxidants in the catabolic pathway. [Pg.810]

The structure of this compound is confirmed by the preparation of the 1-acetyl derivative, acid degradation to 4-methylquinoxalin-3-one-2-carboxylic acid (12), and alternative synthesis from the acid chloride of (12) and AW -dimethyluread A most unusual cyclization occurs when AW-dimethyl-o-phenylenediamine (15) is treated with alloxan in ethanolic solution this apparently involves an A-methyl group and leads to the formation of the spirobarbituric acid (16). The struc-... [Pg.207]

Tuttle, R. N., and J. H. Bankman, New nondamaging and acid-degradable drilling and completion fluids, SPE Reprint Series Well, completions, SPE, 1978. [Pg.1375]

Nitration with concentrated nitric acid degrades chlorins which are sensitive to oxidation. Here nitronium tetrafluoroborate in sulfolane is the reagent of choice. Both mononitrooc-... [Pg.630]

Plutonium(IV) polymer is a product of Pu(IV) hydrolysis and is formed in aqueous solutions at low acid concentrations. Depolymerization generally is accomplished by acid reaction to form ionic Pu(IV), but acid degradation of polymer is strongly dependent on the age of the polymer and the conditions under which the polymer was formed (12). Photoenhancement of Pu(IV) depolymerization was first observed with a freshly prepared polymer material in 0.5 HClOh, Fig. 3 (3 ). Depolymerization proceeded in dark conditions until after 140 h, 18% of the polymer remained. Four rather mild 1-h illuminations of identical samples at 5, 25, 52, and 76 h enhanced the depolymerization rates so that only 1% polymer remained after the fourth light exposure (Fig. 3). [Pg.270]

The Feulgen Nucleai Reaction. Acid Degradation of Sperm Deoxynucleic Acid. Mechanism of the Feulgen Nucleai Reaction, Chong-fu Li, W. G. Overend, and M. Stacey, Nature, 163 (1949) 538-540. [Pg.24]

Inhibition of Hyaluronic Acid Degradation by Dimethyl Sulphoxide, S. A. Barker, S. J. Crews, J. B. Marsters, and M. Stacey, Nature, 207 (1965) 1388-1389. [Pg.38]

Thus, acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of sucrose initially yields D-glucose and a fmctose oxocarbonium ion, which can react with water to form D-fructose and regenerate the H+ catalyst. As a consequence, further acid degradation of sucrose can be described by the action of acids on D-glucose and D-fructose. [Pg.455]

Acetals, nomenclature, 123-124 cyclic, nomenclature, 121-122 Acid degradation, monosaccharides, 457-459 Acid hydrolysis... [Pg.483]

Mills depiction, cyclic monosaccharides, 63 Monosaccharides, see also Aldoses acid degradation, 457-459 alkaline degradation, 449-455 mechanisms, 451... [Pg.486]

Gupta JK, C Jebsen, H Kneifel (1986) Sinapic acid degradation by the yeast Rhodotorula graminis. J Gen Microbiol 132 2793-2799. [Pg.82]

Hofmann KW, H-J Knackmuss, G Heiss (2004) Nitrite elimination and hydrolytic ring cleavage in 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid) degradation. Appl Environ Microbiol 70 2854-2860. [Pg.83]

Imhoff-Stuckle D, N Pfennig (1983) Isolation and characterization of a nicotinic acid-degrading sulfate-reducing bacterium, Desulfococcus niacini sp. nov. Arch Microbiol 136 194-198. [Pg.83]

Schreiber A, M Hellwig, E Dorn, W Reineke, H-J Knackmuss (1980) Critical reactions in fluorobenzoic acid degradation by Pseudomonas sp. B13 Appl Environ Microbiol 39 58-67. [Pg.144]

Don RH, JM Pemberton (1985) Genetic and physical map of the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-degradative plasmid pJP4. J Bacteriol 161 466-468. [Pg.230]

Greer LE, DR Shelton (1992) Effect of inoculant strain and organic matter content on kinetics of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid degradation in soil. Appl Environ Microbiol 58 1459-1465. [Pg.231]

Kamagata Y, RR Fulthorpe, K Tamura, H Takami, LJ Forney, JM Tiedje (1997) Pristine environments harbor a new group of oligotrophic 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-degrading bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 63 2266-2272. [Pg.233]


See other pages where Acid degradation is mentioned: [Pg.446]    [Pg.381]    [Pg.92]    [Pg.249]    [Pg.481]    [Pg.289]    [Pg.295]    [Pg.82]    [Pg.308]    [Pg.308]    [Pg.631]    [Pg.450]    [Pg.406]    [Pg.296]    [Pg.303]    [Pg.441]    [Pg.457]    [Pg.458]    [Pg.461]    [Pg.234]    [Pg.28]    [Pg.743]    [Pg.74]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.214 ]




SEARCH



2-Hydroxyacetic acid, degradation

336 / Biochemistry amino acid degradation

A-Amino acids, degradation

Acetic acid degradation

Acetic acid, degradation product

Acetic acid, labeled, degradation

Acid Degradation of Monosaccharides

Acid catalysts degradation

Acid continued) degradation products

Acid continued) oxidative degradation

Acid degradation, case study

Acid degradation, monosaccharides

Acid studies degradation conditions

Acid-base degradation

Acid-catalysed Degradation

Acid-degradable protein-loaded microgel

Acidic degradation products

Acidic degradations

Acrylic acid Enzymatic degradation

Aldehydes acids, degradation with

Aldonic acids Ruff degradation

Aldonic acids carbohydrates, degradation

Alginic acid 3-eliminative degradation

Aliphatic carboxylic acid degradation

Alkaline degradation saccharinic acids from

Allantoic acid degradation

Amino acid branched-chain, degradation

Amino acid degradation II

Amino acid degradation Schiff-base intermediates

Amino acid degradation acetoacetate

Amino acid degradation aminotransferases

Amino acid degradation deamination

Amino acid degradation dehydration

Amino acid degradation digestive enzymes

Amino acid degradation glucose-alanine cycle

Amino acid degradation glutamate dehydrogenase

Amino acid degradation glutamate oxidative deamination

Amino acid degradation homocysteine

Amino acid degradation intermediates

Amino acid degradation leucine

Amino acid degradation liver

Amino acid degradation overview

Amino acid degradation oxaloacetate

Amino acid degradation oxygenation

Amino acid degradation proteasomes

Amino acid degradation pyruvate

Amino acid degradation serine dehydratase

Amino acid degradation threonine dehydratase

Amino acid degradation transamination

Amino acid degradation ubiquitination

Amino acid degradation urea cycle

Amino acid degradation valine

Amino acid sequence degradation

Amino acid sequences Edman degradation

Amino acids chemical degradation

Amino acids degradation

Amino acids degradation during peptide hydrolysis

Amino acids microbial degradation

Amino acids, degradation mechanism

Anthranilic acid induced degradation

Arginine amino acid degradation

Aromatic amino acids degradation

Ascorbic acid degradation

Ascorbic acid degradation, oxidative

Aspartate/aspartic acid degradation

Aspartic acid degradation

Barbier-Wieland, degradation of carboxylic acid by method

Bench-scale system adipic acid degradation

Benzoic acid degradation rate

Benzoic acid induced degradation

Bile acid chains, degradation

Bile acid chains, degradation oxidative

Bile acids cholesterol degradation

Biogenesis and Degradation of Indoleacetic Acid in Plants

Biosynthesis and Degradation of Ascorbic Acid in Animals

Butanoic acid, degradation product

Carboxylic acid hydrazides degradation

Carboxylic acid thermal degradation

Carboxylic acids aldehydes, degradation with

Carboxylic acids degradation

Carboxylic acids degradation with loss

Carboxylic acids halides, degradation with

Carboxylic acids microbial degradation

Carboxylic acids, unsaturated degradative oxidation

Catalyst degradation acid loss

Cellulose Degradation, acidic

Cellulose acid degradation

Chemical oxidative degradation amino acids

Citric acid cycle degradation

Compounds Formed by Degradation of Fatty Acids

Crotonic acid, degradation product

Degradation (s. a. Hofmann carboxylic acids to halide

Degradation acid compositions for

Degradation acid droplet formation

Degradation acid residence time

Degradation acid, methylation structural analysis

Degradation adipic acid

Degradation and determination of nucleic acids

Degradation carboxylic acid chlorides

Degradation carboxylic acids, oxidative

Degradation conditions acid/base studies

Degradation cooling of dehydration acid

Degradation of Lactic Acid-based Polymers

Degradation of ascorbic acid

Degradation of benzoic acid and

Degradation of fatty acids

Degradation of perfluorinated sulfonic acid membrane

Degradation propionic acid

Degradation sulfonic acid chlorides

Degradation sulfuric acid

Degradation system adipic acid

Degradation with Acids

Degradation, anaerobic ascorbic acid

Degradation, of aldonic acids

Degradation, of amino acids

Dehydroabietic acid degradation

Deoxyribonucleic acid chemical degradation

Deoxyribonucleic acid degraded

Deoxyribonucleic acid enzymic degradation

Deulofeu, The Acylated Nitriles of Aldonic Acids and Their Degradation

Deulofeu, Venancio, The Acylated Nitriles of Aldonic Acids and Their Degradation

Digestion acid degradation

Fatty acid degradation and

Fatty acid drugs, enzymatic degradation

Fatty acid metabolism degradation

Fatty acid synthetase degradation

Fatty acids degradation

Fatty acids oxidative degradation

Fatty acids synthesis and degradation

Ferulic Acid Degradation

Ferulic acid thermal degradation

Free fatty acid degradation

From fatty acid degradation

Gibberellic acid degradation

Glucose periodic acid degradation

Glucuronic acid degradation

Glutamate/glutamic acid degradation

Glutamic acid degradation

Halides acids, degradation with

Halides carboxylic acids, degradation

Hofmann degradation carboxylic acid amide

Homogentisic acid degradation

Humic acids degradation products

Humic acids degradation role

Hyaluronic acid 3-eliminative degradation

Hyaluronic acid degradation

Hydroxamic acids radiolytic degradation

Hydroxamic acids, Lossen degradation

Hydroxyacetic acid, oxidative degradation

Hydroxybutyrate Hydroxybutyric acid, degradation

Hydroxypropionic acid degradation

Indol-3-ylacetic acid, metabolic degradation

Inhibition of Free Radical Degradation in Medical Grade Hyaluronic Acid

Isoleucine amino acid degradation

Isosaccharinic acid degradation

Ketones acids, degradation

Lactic Acid-based Degradable Polymers

MATERIALS DEGRADATION CAUSED BY ACID RAIN

Maillard reaction amino acid Strecker degradation

Malate from amino acid degradation

Membranes sulfonic acid degradation

Metabolic fatty acid degradation

Metasaccharinic acid degradation

Mitochondria fatty acid degradation

Monosaccharides degradation with strong acids

Muscle amino acid degradation

Neuraminic acid degradation

Nitriles carboxylic acids, degradation

Nucleic acid degradation

Nylon acid rain degradation

Oxalic acids degradation

Oxidation linoleic acid degradation

Oxidative cleavage, degradation with acids

Oxidative degradation of fatty acids

Oxidative degradation phosphoric acid

Penicillin acid degradation

Penicilloic acid degradation pathways

Perfluorinated sulfonic acid membrane chemical degradation

Perfluoroalkyl acids degradation

Periodic acid degradation

Phytanic acid degradation

Polyethylene oxide) , acid-degradable

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs degradation

Potassium permanganatein degradative oxidation to carboxylic acids

Product and Acid Degradation

Products of Amino Acid Degradation

Propionic acid, degradation product

Pyruvic acid degradation

Pyruvic acids, degradation oxidation

Pyruvic acids, degradation preparation

Quinolinic acid, tryptophan degradation

Ribonucleic acid degradation

Saccharinic acids degradation

Scrubber adipic acid degradation

Strecker degradation of a-amino acids

Strecker degradation of amino acids

Strecker degradation, amino acids

Sugars periodic acid degradation

Teichoic acids degradation

Tetrahydrofolic acid, oxidative degradation

Thermal Degradation of Phosphate and Phosphite-Linked Epoxy Resins Cured by Acid Anhydride

Thermal degradation methyl fatty acid

Tropic acid, degradation

Unsaturated fatty acids degradation

Uric acid degradation

Uric acid degradation studies

Uric acid purine degradation

Uronic acids 3-eliminative degradation

Uronic acids alkaline degradation

Uronic acids, degradation

Vanillin ferulic acid degradation

Weak organic bases or acids that degrade the pH gradients across membranes

Wieland degradation of carboxylic acids

© 2024 chempedia.info