Humic acids degradation role

To a large extent, xenobiotic compounds in the aquatic environment are bound with sediments and suspended solid materials, such as humic acids. This binding plays a large role in biodegradation. Indeed, the structure of the bound form of the xenobiotic, such as a humic acid complex with a synthetic organic compound, may largely determine its rate of enzymatic degradation. 

Finally, Forward et al.149 provide further evidence for a role for plant carbohydrates as larval inducers. They showed that humic acids either from a commercial source or extracted from estuarine water (the latter presumably complexes derived from the degradation of plant carbohydrates) enhanced the rate of metamorphosis of blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) larvae.149... 

Baker, W.E., 1973. The role of humic acids from Tasmanian podzolic soils in mineral degradation and metal mobilization. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 37 269—281. 

Baker, W. E. (1973). Role of humic acids from Tasmanian podzolic soils in mineral degradation and metal mobilization. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 37, 269-281. Bamhisel, R. I. (1977). Chlorites and hydroxy interlayered vermiculite and smectite. In "Minerals in Soil Environments" (J. B. Dixon and S. B. Weed, eds.), pp. 331-356. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin. 

Squadrito, G.L. and W.A. Pryor Oxidative chemistry of nitric oxide the roles of superoxide, peroxynitrite, and carbon dioxide Free Radic. Biol. Med. 25 (1998) 392-403. Steelink, C. Free radical studies of lignin, lignin degradation products and soil humic acids Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 28 (1964) 1615-1622. 

Many biopolymers and synthetic polymers are linear, which means that their constituent monomers are linked up in a head to tail fashion. For example, cellulose, (CgHioOs), is a linear array of glucose molecules, and polyethylene, (C2H2)nH2, is a linear grouping of ethylene molecules. However, polymers linked in three dimensions play a more important role in geochemical situations. For example, humic acids are randomly linked three-dimensional polymers consisting of various degradation products of biochemical substances. 

Despite the enormous versatility and efficiency of CPO in organic synthesis, the natural functions of this enzyme are no less important. In addition to its role in the biosynthesis of caldariomycin and other metabolites (I). CPO is involved in the degradative recycling of humic and fulvic acids (315, 412, 2100, 2108, 2111-2113, 2234, 2235). Both Caldariomyces fumago and Curvularia inaequalis CPO, which... 

Humic substances seem to be formed primarily by the degradation of lignin, complicated by interactions with other compounds, such as proteins and amino acids, produced from plant litter. Maillard536,537 already recognised that the condensation of sugars with amino acids, peptides, and proteins also plays a role in the formation of humic substances. 

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