Benzoic acid induced degradation

Benzoic acid, a common food preservative, may be a suitable substrate to achieve biostimulation. It is a relatively inexpensive, harmless aromatic compound that has been previously used in analogue enrichment1 schemes to enhance biodegradation of the aromatic herbicide, 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid (2,3,6-TBA) [336]. Benzoate ion is also an intermediate in the toluene pathway and it can induce related enzymes involved in the degradation of toluene and m-and p-xylenes [336]. In addition, the anionic nature of benzoic acid would minimize its retardation and facilitate its distribution when injected into an... 

The Sensitizing Effect of N20 on X-ray Induced Degradation of Benzoic Acid and Anthranilic Acid... 

In the present paper radiation chemical studies are presented on the x-ray induced degradation of anthranilic acid and hydroxylation of benzoic acid. The effect of the electron scavenger N20 is compared with that of NO3", H0O0, and 02. The results suggest that N20" (or N2OH) radicals do not spontaneously give rise to OH radicals in solutions of benzoic acid or anthranilic acid. 

X-ray Induced Hydroxylation of Benzoic Acid. It is well known that irradiation of benzoic acid in dilute solutions gives rise to decarboxylation as well as to hydroxylation in the ortho- meta- and para-positions (10, 27). From these investigations it follows that radiation induced formation of hydroxybenzoic acids in neutral aqueous solutions accounts for about 50% of the total degradation. In order to shed more light on the ability of N20 to convert hydrated electrons into oxidizing radicals, it was decided to compare the effect of nitrous oxide with that of hydrogen peroxide under anoxic conditions. If Reaction 1 and 2 occur rapidly, the effect of nitrous oxide would be expected to be similar to that of hydrogen peroxide, except that the latter compound may also convert H atoms into OH radicals. 

Thus, the sensitizing effect of N20 on x-ray induced degradation of benzoic acid, anthranilic acid and p-aminobenzoic acid (34) gives no evidence for a conversion of hydrated electrons into OH radicals by N20. 

The effect of N20 on x-ray induced hydroxy la tion and degradation of benzoic acid could be explained by suppression of Reaction 10 and thus of Reaction 14 ... 

The abiUty of the discussed block copolymers to be selectively degraded by hydrolysis treatment or enzymes could be used for the preparation of nanopat-terned templates [30]. Nevertheless, for these copolymers to prove useful in nanotechnology, weU-oriented periodic arrays mnst be reached over a large area. A novel way to create large sized, well-oriented MDs of block copolymers by means of epitaxial crystalhzation of the crystaUizable block onto a crystalUne snbstrate has been introdnced recently [49,50]. Ho et al. [30] successfully appUed this technique to induce orientation of PLLA-6-PCL block copolymers on benzoic acid (BA) and hexamethylbenzene (HMB). They were able to obtain weU-oriented MDs with flat-on crystalUne morphology as shown in Fig. 13.13. Unlike with BA, lattice matching between crystalUne PLLA and HMB did not exist, a fact that lead them to conclude that lattice matching does not seem to be a critical issue for the induction of orientation [30]. 

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