Western Pine Association

Data on lumber are available from two associations. The California Redwood Association, of San Francisco, assembles monthly statistics on redwood lumber production, stocks, and shipments. The Western Pine Association of Portland, Ore., issues weekly, monthly, and annual data on production, consumption, and sales of Western pine lumber. Statistics on prices, new products, equipment, facilities, and processes are assembled, but are usually available to members only. 

Even that kind of information is not available for forest species. Other than chronic injury to white pine (associated with ozone, sulfur dioxide, and their mixtures), no clearly defined examples of chronic injury from ozone have been reported for eastern forests, and no information is available on PAN. It is of interest that both Virginia and jack pine appear more sensitive than white pine to acute ozone exposures, but chronic symptoms have not been observed in either species. The relationship between oxidant dose and injury in the San Bernardino Mountains area suggests that ponderosa pine is moderately to severely injured in areas that receive oxidant at above 0.08 ppm for 12-13 h each day (Chapter 12). Ponderosa pine seems to be the most sensitive western pine, but in some areas Jeffrey pine is about as sensitive. White fir, incense cedar, and sugar pine all appear more tolerant, even to the high oxidant concentrations in the San Bernardino Mountains. PAN may play some role in the chronic responses noted in the western forest species, particularly by broadleaf deciduous trees and some shrubs. 

Paine, T. D. (1981) Aspects of the Physiological and Ecological Relationships between the Western Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis, and associated Fungi. PhD Thesis University of California, Davis. 

W Western Wood Products Association S -r Southern Pine Inspection Bureau R - Redwood Inspection Senicc... 

Field surv have confirmed oxidant injury to ponderosa pine and associated species at numerous locations in the Sierra Nevada foothills east and southeast of Fresno. Oxidant measurements at ground stations and by instrumented aircraft show late-aftemoon peaks of transported oxidant on the western slopes of the Sierras. Limited measurements by instrumented aircraft suggest the development of a layer of oxidant approaching the forested mountain slopes between 610 and 1,829 m during the late afternoon. A very weak inversion or isothermal layer may serve as a reservoir of oxidant, which is advected to the mountain slope in the southern coastal air basin, as suggested by Edinger. Considerable concern has been registered about air quality in the Lake Tahoe basin, where local development may cause adverse oxidant concentrations. ... 

The blue stain disease of conifers causes the death of more than 40 million trees a year in Western Canada where the mountain pine beetle is the vector of the disease. The microflora associated with the mountain pine beetle consists of several species of yeasts and mycelial fungi. Four species of the genus Ceratocystis have consistently been isolated from stained conifer wood C. clavigera, C. huntii, C. ips, and C. minor. Fungi of this genus are also responsible for the oak wilt and Dutch elm diseases (9). 

Lachance, M.-A., Gilbert, D.G., Starmer, W.T. (1995). Yeast communities associated with Drosophila species and related flies in an eastern oak-pine forest a comparison with western communities. Journal of Industrial Microbiology 14,484-494. 

The cover and composition of understory vegetation in all these cover types will vary depending onsite (climate and soil), associated tree species, stand developmental stage, and stand density. Relative to other tree species, light interception by western white pine is low, thus providing favourable light conditions for the development of diverse understory vegetation. 

Biochemical and morphological differences between white pine blister rast resistant and susceptible phenotypes have been investigated. Bark protein differences have been documented between slow canker growth resistant and susceptible phenotypes (Davidson and EkramoddouUah, 1997). A protein associated with cold hardiness in western white pine (Pin mill) has been found to be up-regulated by blister rust infection, possibly reflecting a stress response (Davidson and EkramoddouUah, 1997 Yu et al., 1997 EkramoddouUah et al., 1998). Genotypes with the reduced needle lesion frequency form of resistance appear to have smaller, less round stomata than susceptible genotypes (Woo et al., 2001). 

Ekramoddoullah, A.K.M., J.J. Davidson and D.W. Taylor. 1998. A protein associated with frost hardiness of western white pine is up-regulated by infection in the white pine blister rust pathosystem. Can. J. For. Res. 28 412 17. 

Leaphart, C.D. 1958. Root characteristics of western white pine and associated tree species in a stand affected with pole blight of white pine. USDA Forest Service Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station Research Paper INT-52. Ogden, UT. 10 pp. 

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