Pine lumber

Termites and powder post beetles cause many thousands of dollars loss of wood installations. Creosoting and vacuum-pressure impregnation of Wolman salts into pine lumber provides protection however, there exist many structures where in situ protection against termites would be of value. 

The Eastern Forest Products Laboratory, Ottawa, found that ammoniacal zinc oxide is an inhibitor to fungi in pine lumber (16,33). Sanford Products Corp. is offering 2- hiocyanomethyi(thic) benzothiazole for prevention of sapstain and mould in Canada and U.S.A., and tributyl tinoxide emulsion is marketed in Japan. 

Data on lumber are available from two associations. The California Redwood Association, of San Francisco, assembles monthly statistics on redwood lumber production, stocks, and shipments. The Western Pine Association of Portland, Ore., issues weekly, monthly, and annual data on production, consumption, and sales of Western pine lumber. Statistics on prices, new products, equipment, facilities, and processes are assembled, but are usually available to members only. 

Taylor, F.W. and Landoch, D., 1990. TDAL profiles of southern pine lumber during drying, Forest Prod. J., 40(10) 47-50. 

Nitromethane can be used in an extractive process to separate aromatic hydrocarbons from aliphatic hydrocarbons due to the lower solubility of the aliphatic fractions in nitromethane [3]. Nitroparaffins are used to separate lactic acid from fermentation beers [4], nitrocellulose from the nitrating solution [5], and plutonium (IV) from aqueous solutions [6]. Nitropropane is used to extract rosin from pine lumber at elevated temperatures [7]. Toluene can be separated from similar boiling-point aliphatic paraffins by azeotropic distillation with nitromethane [8]. Ethylbenzene forms an azeotrope with nitromethane which allows its separation from styrene through a distillation process. 

Vick, C. B. (1997). Enhanced adhesion of melanine-urea and melanine adhesives to CCA-treated southern pine lumber. Forest Products Journal, 47, 83-87. 

The wooden mold frame shown in figure 149 is a rectangular wotxlen box with an outside measurement of 8 x 9 . The box is made from 1" x 4 pine lumber and assembled with nails glue. 

In the wood rosin process, rosin is isolated from aged pine stumps that have been left in fields cleared for farming or lumbering operations. The stumps are cut and shredded to pieces the size of matchsticks. The wood chips are then extracted with an appropriate solvent, eg, aUphatic or aromatic petroleum hydrocarbons or ketones. The extract is fractionally separated into nonvolatile cmde rosin, volatile extractibles, and recovered solvent. The dark rosin is usually refined further to lighter-colored products using selective solvents or absorption. 

Fig. 10. Permanent effect of heating in air on bending strength of spmce—pine—fir lumber.

Members of this family are ornamental southern pines familiar to horticulturists. In the southern hemisphere, except in Africa and southeast Asia, some arc the source of lumber and resins. 

Many of the trees often thought of as pines actually belong in other botanical families. This family is a north temperate one extending south to central America and the West Indies with some representation in Sumatra and Java. It is well known as a source of lumber, ornamentals, paper pulp, edible seeds, and naval stores (resins and turpentine). 

In later years as demand for timber products boomed with the population, the economic value of the virgin stands of deciduous and coniferous forests became the foundation of substantial fortunes. Commercial lumbering moved westward with the population until reaching the Pacific Coast with its tremendous stands of Douglas Fir, Redwood, and Pine. 

Soft woods Pines Pinus Wood, cones, needles Lumber, paper, food, decoration... 

In the case of the porosity measurements, in addition to the same cellulose samples, samples of oak and white pine were also examined. These samples of wood were ordinary commercial lumber samples (the same pine having been previously used in fire experiments at the Center for Fire Research of the National Institute for Standards and Technology). The pine had an initial dry density of 0.377 g/cc, and the oak 0.734 g/cc. Both of these wood samples were pyrolyzed for two hours at 1273 K, in helium, in order to prepare the chars for testing. The char yields were in the neighborhood of 28% by mass of the starting oak and 26% by mass of the starting pine. 

Figure 6.11. Comparison between the velocity of sound along a loblolly pine log and the mean stiffness of all lumber cut from that log (US Patent 6,006,689, 2000 filed by Weyerhaeuser).

Despite - or as a eonsequenee of - the unpredictability between trees and aeross sites spiral grain is an important eause of degrade in sawn lumber of many speeies. For eonvenienee, the pattern in radiata pine is examined. Here the broad trends within-tree (Figure 6.15) are ... 

Parallel strand lumber is manufactured from veneer about 3 mm (1/8 in.) thick, that is clipped into strands about 19 mm (3/4 in.) wide and 0.6 m (24 in.) long. The produet was designed to use waste material from the roundup lathe as well as other less than full-width veneer arising from plywood manufacture (Chapter 11). Species eommonly used for PSL include Douglas fir, southern pines, western hemlock and yellow poplar, but there is no restriction on the use of other species. 

Parallel strand lumber (PSL) was introduced to market by MacMillan Bloedel Ltd in the 1980s. Figure 11.11 shows the PSL manufacturing process. Residues from plywood and LVL plants can be used as the raw materials for the PSL - mainly Douglas fir, hemlock, southern pine, or yellow poplar. 

Doe PD, Booker JD, Innes TC and Oliver AR (1996) Optimal lumber seasoning using acoustic emission sensing and real time strain modelling. Proceedings, 5th lUFRO International Wood Drying Conference, Quebec City, Canada, 209-12 Dohr AW (1953) Mechanical properties of Brazilian Parana pine. Southern Lumberman, 5(232,4) 39-42... 

Doyle DV and Markwardt LJ (1966) Properties of southern pine in relation to strength grading of dimension lumber. USDA, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Research Paper, FPL 64... 

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