Cold hardiness

Ikeda, 1. (1982). Freezing injury and protection of citrus in Japan. In Plant Cold Hardiness and Freezing Stress, vol. 2, ed. P.H. Li A. Sakai, pp. 575-89. London Academic Press. 

Cultivated plums can be sweet, melting dessert fruits or tangy, firm cooking fruits, in shades from yellow to blue to nearly black. In all but the most extreme climates, there is a plum tree for every yard. Wild American plums grow in Zones 4-8, European and damson plums thrive in Zones 5-9, and Japanese plums do best in Zones 6-10. Hybrids between American and Japanese plums combine the cold hardiness of the former with the fruit quality of the latter. 

Zachariassen, K.E., Ice Nucleating Agents in Cold-Hardy Insects, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1982). 

Roberts, D.W.A. (1975). The invertase complement of cold-hardy and cold-sensitive wheat leaves. Canadian Journal of Botany 53, 1333-7. 

White Riesling moderate vigor with good yields (5-8 tons/acre). Matures late season. Most cold-hardy of V. vinifera varieties and adaptable to a wide range of climatic and soil conditions. Buds are extremely fruitful (often four clusters per shoot), which can lead to overcropping. It is the most widely planted vinifera in the state. Sensitive to Botrytis cinerea. 

Chenin blanc very vigorous and prolific yielder (6-12 tons/acre). High acid, late maturing variety (end of October-early November). Although moderately cold-hardy, it is subject to... 

Ishikawa, M. and Yoshida, S., Seasonal changes in plasma membranes and mitochondria isolated from Jerusalem artichoke tubers. Possible relationship to cold hardiness, Plant Cell Physiol., 26,1331-1344, 1985. 

Polar fishes and cold-hardy beetles contrasting scenarios for freeze-avoidance. With the information we now possess on the biochemistry, mechanism of action, and evolution of THPs,... 

Once synthesized, the THPs of fishes are not known to have their activities modulated by extrinsic factors. It is in the terrestrial arthropods where this additional level of regulation has been well described, and we now turn to an examination of the integrated nature of the response to threats of freezing in cold-hardy insects. 

The cold-hardy beetle Dendroides canadensis. A very different scenario from those presented above can be sketched for a freeze-avoiding insect from the temperate zone, where the threat of freezing, while only seasonal, is much more severe than that faced by fishes from high latitudes. One of the best-studied freeze-avoiding insects is the beetle Dendroides canadensis (Duman, 2001 Duman et al., 1993). Compared to freeze-avoiding fishes, D. canadensis mounts a much more extensive freeze-avoidance response and... 

Thermoperiodic involvement in antifreeze protein production in the cold hardy beetle Dendroides canadensis Implications for photoperiodic time measurement. J. Insect Physiol. 32 799-806. 

Lee, R.E. Jr., M.R. Lee, and J.M. Strong-Gunderson (1993a). Insect cold-hardiness and ice nucleating active microorganisms including their potential use for biological control. J. Insect. Physiol. 39 1-12. 

Zachariassen, K.E. (1992). Ice nucleating agents in cold-hardy insects. In Water and Life, pp. 261-281, ed. G.N. Somero, B. Osmond, and L. Bolis. Berlin Springer-Verlag. 

Collards are a cool-season vegetable grown for the leafy, cabbage-type greens. Collards can stand more heat than other members of the cabbage family. They prefer growing tem-perature of 65°-70°F and tolerate 40°-80°E Champipn and Yates are cold-hardy cultivars. Soil pH should be between 5.5 and 6.8. 

There are 4 main types of grapes grown in North America European, or wine grapes (Vitis vinifera) American (V. labrusca), such as Concord hybrids between European and American and muscadine (V. mtundifolia). European grapes generally are most susceptible to diseases. American grapes are the most cold-hardy. Their hardiness (Zones 4-10) depends on the species and cultivar. 

Predatory mite Amblyseius cucumeris Wesfern flower fhrips, cyclamen mites, onion thrips, spider mites. Apply 100-200 per infested plant to control thrips effect is slow because mites cannot kill adult thrips cold-hardy and will become established in strawberries to control cyclamen mites. Reliable thrips control on greenhouse peppers unreliable on cucumbers. 

Dunning, C. A., Chalker-Scott, L., Scott, J. D. 1994. Exposure to ultraviolet-B radiation increases cold hardiness in Rhododendron. Physiol. Plant. 92 516-520. 

Lim, C. C., Krebs, S. L., Arora, R. 1999. A 25 kDa dehydrin associated with genotype and age dependent leaf freezing tolerance in Rhododendron-, a genetic marker for cold hardiness Theor. Appl. Genetics 99 912-920. 

Palta, J. P., Jensen, K. G., Li, P. H. 1982. Cell membrane alterations following a slow freeze thaw cycle ion leakage, injury and recovery. In Plant Cold Hardiness and Freezing Stress. Vol 2. Li, P. H., Sakai, A. (eds.). Academic Press, New York, pp. 221-242. 

Shomer-Ilan, A. Waisel, Y. Cold Hardiness of Plants Correlation with... 

Plants that do resist such stresses must have developed particular strategies of adaptation collectively known as cold hardiness or cold resistance. In general, plants become resistant to freezing by various mechanisms, the most important of which are ... 

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